Experts teach you about balanced fertilization - corn

Maize, commonly known as corn, is a high-yield crop that thrives in environments with ample water and requires significant amounts of fertilizers. Implementing balanced fertilization techniques is essential to achieving substantial increases in maize production. On average, for every 2.2 kg of corn produced, the plant absorbs about 200 kg of nutrients from the soil, including approximately 2.57 kg of nitrogen, 1-1.5 kg of phosphorus (P₂O₅), and 1.52-4.00 kg of potassium (K₂O), averaging around 2.14 kg. The higher the yield, the greater the demand for these essential nutrients. Corn has specific fertilizer requirements and follows certain principles for optimal growth. It is highly sensitive to nitrogen, so applying farmyard manure along with phosphate fertilizer is crucial. In general, 3-10 kg of urea per acre can boost corn yield by 6-11 kg. While phosphorus needs are relatively low, it is still vital—deficiency during the three-leaf stage can lead to weak stalks and barren plants. Corn also benefits greatly from zinc, with an estimated 15% yield increase when zinc fertilizer is applied. The fertilization principle emphasizes using organic matter as a base, supplementing with nitrogen, applying phosphorus, increasing potassium, and adding micronutrients like zinc. Farmyard manure, along with phosphate, potassium, and trace elements, should be used as base fertilizers, while nitrogen is best applied as top dressing. For spring-planted corn, top dressing should be light at first and heavier later, whereas summer corn should follow a similar pattern but adjusted according to growth stages. Fertilizer application rates are determined through field trials. In medium fertility plots, for every additional 100 kg of corn, 5 kg of nitrogen, 2 kg of phosphorus, and 3 kg of potassium are needed. This calculation is straightforward: multiply the desired yield increase by the required amount per 100 kg. However, adjustments should be made based on local conditions and crop varieties. A typical reference for one mu of land producing 1500 kg of corn includes 1500 kg of farmyard manure, 9-11 kg of nitrogen, 4-5 kg of phosphorus, 5-6 kg of potassium, and 1 kg of zinc fertilizer. Fertilization methods vary depending on planting conditions. For spring ground corn, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc fertilizers, along with 2-3 kg of urea, should be mixed with farmyard manure and placed in furrows before planting. The remaining nitrogen is reserved for top dressing. In mountainous areas with plastic mulch, the corn grows stronger and uses more nutrients, so 70% of the nitrogen should be applied as base fertilizer. During sowing, a 3-4 inch deep groove is created between two rows, where nitrogen is first placed, followed by a mix of phosphorus, potassium, and zinc with farmyard manure. The area is then covered with soil and planted. For seed fertilization, uncoated seeds should be treated with zinc fertilizer 2-3 days before sowing. Mix 2-3 liters of water with 1.5-2 kg of zinc fertilizer and let it sit for an hour. At sowing time, farmers may use animal manure mixed with 20 kg of urea to ensure strong seedlings. Top dressing varies by season: spring corn should receive light applications early and heavier ones later, while summer corn needs more nitrogen during the jointing stage due to busy agricultural schedules. Transplanting corn requires careful timing—applying 10 kg of urea or other nitrogen sources with human manure at transplanting, and another 15 kg of urea during the trumpet stage. For plastic-mulched corn, since base fertilizer lasts longer, 30% of the nitrogen is applied once during the bell mouth stage, using a hole-filling method between plants.

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