In the fall, temperatures gradually drop, and the population of pond-raised fish and shrimp increases significantly. The water environment is often affected by feeding, fertilizing, and medication activities. During this season, the weather becomes more unstable with frequent rainfall, and the shorter daylight hours can lead to low oxygen levels in the water. This may result in floating head issues, as well as water quality deterioration caused by rising levels of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and hydrogen sulfide. Therefore, proper management during autumn is essential for successful aquaculture.
First, it's important to strengthen water quality control and improve the ecological balance. Regularly testing key parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, transparency, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and hydrogen sulfide is crucial. Maintaining dissolved oxygen above 5 mg/L, pH between 7.5 and 8.5, and transparency at 30–40 cm helps create a healthy environment. Water should be replaced regularly—every 10–15 days if the source water is clean, about 20 cm each time. If the water quality is poor, microbial preparations like "Collier," "Silifil," or "Eco-Bamboo" can be used every 15–20 days, followed by disinfectants to protect beneficial bacteria. Oxygenation equipment should also be used strategically: aerators should be turned on during the day when it's sunny, not in the evening; on cloudy days, start early in the morning and avoid daytime use. If floating head occurs, especially during rainy days, it’s important to provide emergency aeration to prevent mass mortality.
Second, feeding management should be improved to enhance disease resistance. Following the "Four Fixed" principle—feeding at fixed times, places, and quantities, and using quality feed—is essential. The amount of food should be adjusted based on weather, water conditions, and fish behavior. The feed must be nutritious, palatable, and fresh to ensure efficient consumption without waste, which helps maintain water quality. Different species have different dietary needs, so feeding should be tailored accordingly.
Third, disease prevention and control are critical during this period. Autumn is a second peak for fish diseases. Disinfectants like bleaching powder, chlorine dioxide, dibromohydantoin, or bromochloroheine (e.g., Quanchiposa) can help kill pathogens in the water and prevent bacterial infections. For crab and shrimp ponds, applying lime periodically helps adjust pH and promote calcium absorption. When diseases occur, prompt action is necessary. For example, if ciliates appear on shrimp or crabs, treatments like "Zheng Yue" from Shanxi can be effective. For salmon with hemorrhagic symptoms, using iodine-based disinfectants like "Fuquan" from Zhejiang Dafeilong and oral treatments like "Zhuoxuening" from local fish disease centers can yield good results through combined external and internal treatment.
Overall, autumn aquaculture requires careful attention to water quality, feeding, and disease prevention to ensure a healthy and productive harvest.
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