Early management of chickens

Modern broilers grow at an accelerated rate compared to their predecessors, with their weight increasing by approximately 3 to 4 times within the first week. A well-managed brooding period in the early days is crucial for setting a strong foundation, which significantly impacts overall broiler performance. Several key factors influence the final productivity of broiler chickens, including the infrastructure of the poultry house, environmental conditions, and daily management practices. This article explores effective early management strategies from these three perspectives to help improve broiler production outcomes. Creating a comfortable environment is essential during the initial stages. Chicks are accustomed to high humidity in hatcheries, so maintaining proper moisture levels in the brooding area is vital to prevent dehydration. Before the chicks arrive, the house should be preheated to ensure a stable temperature and humidity level. During the first week, it’s important to monitor the temperature and humidity at least three times a day, gradually reducing the frequency as the chicks mature. To accurately assess the environment, temperature probes should be placed close to the chicks, and electronic sensors should be cross-checked with conventional thermometers. In the first three days, maintaining higher temperatures and humidity (around 70% relative humidity) helps the chicks adapt to their new surroundings. Low humidity below 50% can lead to dehydration and negatively affect growth performance. Air quality is also critical during the first week. Proper ventilation ensures fresh air circulation while removing harmful gases. A minimum ventilation program should be established from day one to maintain optimal conditions. The use of circulating fans can further enhance air quality and promote better health among the flock. Observing chick behavior is another key aspect of management. Their actions provide valuable clues about their comfort level, especially regarding temperature and humidity. Adjustments should be made based on their responses to ensure they remain healthy and active. The layout of the chicken house plays a significant role in early development. Chicks need quick access to feed and water to establish good eating habits. Ideally, 1-day-old chicks should be exposed to feed and water immediately. To reduce stress and encourage feeding, the house layout should be optimized, minimizing the distance between feeders and drinkers. Before introducing the chicks, the following steps should be taken: cover 30% of the brooding area with paper, spread feed evenly (about 50–70 grams per bird), and place the chicks directly on the feed. Using appropriately sized feed, such as sifted material, also supports efficient consumption. If chicks fail to reach the expected 7-day weight, it may indicate inadequate feed or water intake. High temperatures can suppress appetite, leading to slower growth. Birds that don’t meet weight benchmarks often show poor uniformity, making early intervention essential. Monitoring crop fullness is a reliable way to assess feeding success. After 8 hours, 80% of chicks should have full crops, and by 24 hours, this should rise to 95%. If not, adjustments like increasing feed availability, adjusting temperature, or improving water pressure may be necessary. Measuring 7-day body weight is another effective evaluation method. Calculating average weight and uniformity provides insight into the effectiveness of early management. A detailed record sheet tracking crop fullness, weight, and evenness can serve as a useful tool for continuous improvement in broiler management. Transitioning to an automatic feeding system presents a new challenge. To ease this transition, additional feed can be placed on paper, and the paper should be positioned near the feeder. Ensuring the feeder is fully stocked and monitoring crop fullness after the switch helps evaluate the success of the system. In conclusion, a successful start is fundamental to maximizing broiler growth potential. By managing the environment effectively and ensuring adequate feed and water access, producers can set the stage for healthier, more uniform flocks with improved feed conversion and survival rates.

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