Wild ducks come in many different species, and among the most commonly domesticated ones is the American mallard. Known for its tender meat and low fat content, the mallard has long been a popular choice for both nourishment and culinary use. These ducks grow quickly, with an average weight of 1.2 kg by day 70. They begin laying eggs at around five months old, producing approximately 150 eggs per year. Proper feeding and management are essential to ensure their health and productivity.
Creating a suitable environment is crucial for wild ducks. A duck farm should mimic their natural habitat, with half the space designated as a resting area and the other half as an open water or pond area. Planting grasses, trees, and algae in the pond helps recreate a wild setting. If breeding is involved, the location should be near rivers or lakes with ample water access. Fences and netting must be installed—skynets should be placed two meters above the water and extend to the bottom, with mesh sizes no larger than 3 cm. This setup prevents escape and ensures safety. The recommended feeding area is about 60 square meters per 100 ducks.
Feeding practices must align with the nutritional needs of wild ducks. When ducklings start eating, they should be given a small amount of fishmeal mixed into their feed. After a few days, this can be replaced with compound feed. Green vegetables, small fish, and fresh animal matter should also be included. One month after hatching, protein levels in the feed should be reduced to 10%, with a gradual increase in roughage to around 20%. Daily feeding of 100 grams of greens like cabbage leaves, alfalfa, and grass supports skeletal development and delays maturity. By two months, roughage should decrease slightly, and protein should rise to 18%, while green feed continues to be added.
Proper management during domestication is key. For the first 30 days, temperature control is vital: 27°C–29°C for the first three days, then gradually decreasing to 17°C–19°C after day 11. Soft straw should be used for bedding, and ducklings need constant supervision to prevent suffocation. Water should be available at all times, with 5–7 drinkings per day. Once they reach 31–70 days old, the density should be kept at 10–15 per square meter. At 50 days, they begin to fly, so strict measures must be taken to prevent escape. Providing water basins and open spaces encourages natural behavior. Between 60–70 days, ducks may become agitated due to physiological changes, leading to reduced food intake and weight loss. Feeding should be limited, and roughage increased. Handlers should wear plain clothing and avoid bright colors to reduce stress. Visitors should be restricted to keep the flock calm. After about two weeks, the ducks typically return to normal behavior.
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