Scientific Name: *Viola tricolor*
Common Names: Human Face Flower, Cat Face Flower, Yang Butterfly Flower, Butterfly Flower
Family: Amaranthaceae
Origin: Native to Europe
Growth Habits: Pansies are cold-tolerant and thrive in cool, sunny conditions. They do not tolerate high temperatures or humidity well. The ideal growing temperature is between 7–15°C, with daytime temperatures around 10°C and nighttime temperatures between 4–7°C during spring. If the temperature remains above 25°C for an extended period, flower buds may fail to develop, and petals may not form properly. On the other hand, if temperatures drop below -5°C, the leaves can freeze and turn yellow at the edges.
Pansies prefer slightly dry conditions during growth. Overly wet soil in seedbeds or pots can lead to disease. While the stems and leaves grow vigorously, the soil should remain moist but not waterlogged, as excess moisture can hinder plant development and even cause plants to wither and die. During flowering, excessive rain or high humidity can cause stem and leaf rot, shortening the blooming period and reducing seed production.
Pansies are highly sensitive to light. Sufficient sunlight promotes healthy growth and earlier flowering. Inadequate light or short daylight hours can result in poor flowering or delayed bloom.
Soil Preference: Pansies grow best in loose, fertile, and well-drained loam or peat soil.
Morphological Characteristics: Pansies are biennial herbs with multiple branches. The basal leaves are long-stalked, blade-shaped, and slightly heart-shaped, while the upper leaves are ovate. Flowers appear singly in leaf axils, with long peduncles and five petals. The flowers come in a wide range of colors, including purple, red, blue, pink, yellow, white, and bicolor varieties.
Pansies are one of the most popular early spring flowers, known for their vibrant colors and long flowering period. They have been widely cultivated in Europe and America since the 17th century. In 1629, wild species were first introduced into gardens. By the 19th century, breeders began selecting larger, rounder varieties. In the early 20th century, German breeders developed cold-resistant types, and by the mid-20th century, the Swiss Giant series and Oregon Grand series (with flowers up to 10 cm in diameter) were introduced. Since the 1970s, significant progress has been made in pansy breeding across the U.S., France, Germany, and Britain, with flower sizes reaching up to 12 cm and even small tricolor varieties as small as 3 cm. Colors have evolved from solid to bicolor, and black varieties have also been developed. In addition to cold-tolerant strains, there are now heat- and disease-resistant types available. Pansies are often referred to as "Britain’s flower posture, American flower path, German color, and French trait." In Italy, they are associated with "thought" and "sense," especially among young girls. Florists use the term "flower of the girl" to attract customers. Poland has even chosen the pansy as its national flower.
The history of pansy cultivation in China is relatively short. Introduced in the early 20th century from the UK and US, the varieties suffered degradation in the 1960s, resulting in smaller flowers and mixed colors. However, the introduction of new varieties from the West in the 1980s improved quality significantly. Despite this, many hybrid varieties are difficult to preserve due to non-seeding issues, requiring annual imports. To further develop China's spring flowers, continued breeding efforts are essential.
Common Varieties:
- Colossal: Large blooms with diameters of 10–12 cm, available in red, pink, purple, blue, yellow, blue/white, and red/yellow varieties.
- Happy Face: Early bloomer with blue, purple, red, yellow, white, and red rose shades.
- Imperial: 15–18 cm tall, with early blooms of 7–9 cm diameter; famous for Purple & White.
- Swiss Giant: 8–9 cm diameter, compact variety.
- Majestic Giant: 10 cm diameter, 15 cm tall, with red and yellow varieties.
- Accord: 6–7 cm diameter, with Clear Primrose being a rare yellow variety.
- Crown: 7.5 cm diameter, pure color varieties like Yellow, Orange, Rose, Purple, White, with Crown Purple featuring a purple center and yellow eyes.
- Crystal Bowl: 5–6 cm diameter, Sky Blue is a striking blue variety.
- Delta: 7 cm diameter, one of the earliest spring bloomers, with Pure Rose being a red variety.
- Fama: 6–7 cm diameter, See Me features purple lace with a white face and purple center.
- Rococo: 6 cm diameter, with orange, yellow, white, red, blue, and purple varieties, each with dark petal veins.
- Maxim: 6–7 cm diameter, heat- and cold-resistant, with Sherbet featuring a white-brown face.
- Regal: 7.5 cm diameter, dwarf type, early bloomer.
- Universe: Dense foliage, 19 colors, 5 cm diameter, early bloomer.
- Wink: 5–6 cm diameter, with Purpl & White as a new variety.
- Black Devil: Real black flower, 5 cm diameter.
- Padparadja: 15 cm tall, 5 cm diameter, deep orange, resistant to semi-shady conditions.
- Baby Lucia: 3.5 cm diameter, true miniature, 10–12 cm tall, sky blue flowers, long blooming season.
- Joker Pokerface: 15 cm tall, 5.5 cm diameter, deep purple with an orange face, hardy variety.
Sandal Safety Shoes,Yellow Mesh Safety Shoes,Breathe Freely Safety Shoes,Black Suede Microfiber Safety Shoes
Brightway Shoes Co., Ltd. , https://www.brightwaysafety.com