Family: Orchidaceae
Scientific Name: The genus *Dendrobium* is derived from the Greek words "dendron" (tree) and "bios" (life), indicating that these orchids typically grow on trees.
Origin: *Dendrobium* species are primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. This diverse genus thrives in warm, humid climates and is often associated with forest ecosystems.
There are approximately 1,000 species worldwide, with around 76 native to China. Most Chinese *Dendrobium* species are concentrated in the southern and southwestern regions, including areas like Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangdong, and Taiwan, as well as parts of the Qinling Mountains.
Growth Habit: These orchids usually grow at elevations between 100 and 3,000 meters above sea level. They are commonly epiphytic, meaning they grow on trees or rocks without being parasitic. Their morphology varies greatly depending on the species and environmental conditions.
Morphological Characteristics: The fresh stem of *Dendrobium* is cylindrical or flattened, typically about 30 cm long and 0.4 to 1.2 cm in diameter. The surface is yellow-green, smooth, or slightly ridged, with a distinct cross-section that is dark in color. Membranous leaf sheaths can be seen at the nodes. The stems are fleshy, juicy, and brittle. They have a faint aroma, a slightly bitter and sweet taste, and become sticky when chewed.
Variety Introduction:
Ring Grass Dendrobium: This variety has slender, cylindrical stems that are often bent or coiled into clusters. It measures 15–35 cm in length and 0.1–0.3 cm in diameter, with internodes of 1–2 cm. The surface is golden yellow with fine vertical lines. It is flexible and firm, with a flat cross-section and no distinct odor or taste.
Whip Sarcophagus Dendrobium: Long and cone-shaped, this type ranges from 40–120 cm in length and 0.5–0.8 cm in diameter, with internodes of 3–4.5 cm. Its surface is yellow to dark yellow, with deep grooves. The cross-section is fibrous and slightly bitter.
Yellow Grass Stone Rake: This variety is 30–80 cm long and 0.3–0.5 cm in diameter, with internodes of 2–3.5 cm. The surface is golden yellow to yellowish brown with longitudinal grooves. It is lightweight, solid, and easy to break, with a slightly fibrous texture and a sticky consistency when chewed.
Earring Dendrobium: Often spiral or spring-shaped, it usually has 2 to 4 coils and measures 3.5–8 cm after straightening, with a diameter of 0.2–0.3 cm. The surface is yellow-green with fine wrinkles, and a short fibrous root may remain at the base. It is firm, easily broken, and has a flat cross-section. Chewing it results in a sticky sensation.
Dendrobium nobile: This variety is flat and cylindrical, measuring 20–40 cm in length and 0.4–0.6 cm in diameter, with internodes of 2.5–3 cm. The surface is golden yellow or greenish with deep vertical grooves. The stem is hard and brittle, with a flat cross-section and a bitter taste.
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