Grapes develop as a result of seed abortion. It has been observed that the number of mature small-grained seeds is equal to that of large-grained seeds, but all immature seeds remain in an early developmental stage and are not viable. When a fruit contains one mature seed, it tends to be slightly larger; with two mature seeds, the fruit can grow to medium size; and when three mature seeds are present, the fruit develops into a normal, full-sized grape.
To improve grape development and yield, proper agricultural practices should be implemented:
1. During the flowering period, ensure adequate water and nutrient management to support the "critical fruit-setting nutrition phase" and the "seed development and nutrition phase" that follow. This helps provide the necessary resources for both fruit formation and seed maturation.
2. From the early flowering stage to full bloom, apply a 0.2% borax solution every seven days, repeating this 2-3 times. This promotes pollen tube germination and increases the fertilization rate, which is essential for successful seed development.
3. Implement summer pruning by topping the fruiting branches and removing all lateral shoots during the early to full flowering stages. Leave only the main shoot at the top, and after about seven days, pinch back the tip to leave 1-2 leaves. If any secondary growth appears, remove it promptly to maintain plant vigor and focus energy on fruit production.
4. Perform artificial axillary spike removal by cutting off 1/5 to 1/4 of the flower spikes 2-3 days before flowering. This technique significantly improves spike development, especially in varieties like roses and new rose types, resulting in higher spike rates and larger, more uniform clusters.
These techniques, when applied consistently, can greatly enhance the quality and yield of grapes, ensuring better fruit development and higher productivity.
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