Family: Orchidaceae
Scientific Name: The genus *Dendrobium* derives from the Greek words "dendron" (tree) and "bios" (life), indicating that these orchids typically grow on trees. This name reflects their epiphytic nature, where they attach themselves to tree trunks or branches for support and nutrients.
Origin:
*Dendrobium* species are primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. These orchids thrive in warm, humid climates with ample sunlight and good air circulation.
There are approximately 1,000 species worldwide, with around 76 species native to China. Most of these are concentrated in the southern and southwestern regions, including areas like Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangdong, and Taiwan, as well as parts of the Qinling Mountains.
Growth Habits:
Dendrobium orchids typically grow at elevations between 100 and 3,000 meters above sea level. They are commonly found attached to trees or rocks, often in mountainous or forested areas. As epiphytes, they do not rely on soil for nutrition but instead absorb moisture and nutrients from the air and rain.
Morphological Characteristics:
The fresh stem of Dendrobium is usually cylindrical or flattened, measuring about 30 cm in length and 0.4 to 1.2 cm in diameter. Its surface is yellow-green, smooth, or slightly ridged, with a distinct cross-section that tends to be dark in color. Nodes are covered with membranous leaf sheaths. The stems are fleshy, juicy, and brittle, with a faint aroma and a taste that is both bitter and sweet. When chewed, it feels sticky and gelatinous.
Varieties:
Ring Grass Dendrobium: This variety has slender, cylindrical stems that are often bent or coiled into clusters. It measures 15 to 35 cm in length and 0.1 to 0.3 cm in diameter, with internodes 1 to 2 cm long. The surface is golden yellow and shiny, with fine vertical lines. The texture is flexible and solid, with a flat cross-section. It is odorless and has no distinct taste.
Whip Dendrobium: Characterized by its long, cone-shaped stems, this variety can reach 40 to 120 cm in length and 0.5 to 0.8 cm in diameter, with internodes 3 to 4.5 cm long. The surface ranges from yellow to dark yellow, with deep grooves. The texture is loose and fibrous when cut, with a slightly bitter flavor.
Yellow Grass Dendrobium: This type has stems that are 30 to 80 cm long and 0.3 to 0.5 cm in diameter, with internodes 2 to 3.5 cm long. The surface is golden yellow to yellowish brown, with longitudinal grooves. It is lightweight, solid, and easily broken, with a slightly fibrous cross-section. When chewed, it is sticky and viscous.
Earring Dendrobium: Known for its spiral or spring-like shape, this variety typically has 2 to 4 coils and measures 3.5 to 8 cm in length when straightened, with a diameter of 0.2 to 0.3 cm. The surface is yellow-green with fine longitudinal wrinkles, and a short fibrous root may remain at the base. It is firm, easy to break, and has a flat cross-section. Chewing it produces a sticky sensation.
Dendrobium nobile: This variety has a flat, cylindrical stem, 20 to 40 cm long and 0.4 to 0.6 cm in diameter, with internodes 2.5 to 3 cm long. The surface is golden yellow or greenish, with deep vertical grooves. The stem is hard and brittle, with a flat cross-section and a bitter taste.
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