The characteristics and prevention methods of aphids

The *Hemiptera* species known as the "Horned Lynx" is not a blind insect, but rather a pest belonging to the family of true bugs. It is commonly found in regions such as Hainan and Yunnan in China, and it poses a threat to various crops including avocados, cocoa, fruits, cashews, pepper, and red durian. This pest damages both young leaves and fruits, causing significant harm to agricultural production. The nymphs feed on the tender leaves of avocados, resulting in water-soaked, polygonal spots that eventually dry out. Adult and nymph stages also attack young fruits, leading to scarring, stunted growth, and eventual desiccation of the affected areas. The damage can reduce yield and affect fruit quality, making it a serious concern for farmers. This insect measures about 5–6 mm in length and 1.2–1.5 mm in width. Its body is long and khaki-colored, with a small head and dark brown edges at the back. The antennae are slender and approximately twice the length of the body, with the first segment being longer than the others. The thoracic shield is narrow at the neck, while the scutellum has a rounded posterior edge and a slightly curved front angle. The forewings are light gray with an iridescent sheen, and the legs are yellow with scattered black spots. Eggs are cylindrical, milky white, and have long, filamentous breathing structures on their sides. Nymphs go through five instars, with the fifth instar reaching 5.3 mm in length and 1.4 mm in width. They are slightly reddish in color, with black compound eyes and scattered black spots on their antennae. The third and fourth segments of the antennae have black-brown hairs, and wing buds extend to the third abdominal segment. The scutellum corners are well-defined, and the leg joints have gray spots with black ganglia. In Hainan, this pest completes up to 12 generations per year, with each generation taking between 26.1 and 52.2 days. It remains active throughout the winter, with females laying eggs on young avocado tissues. Once hatched, the nymphs feed on young leaves and fruits, causing damage and drying them out. Outside of the shoot and fruit development periods, they may also attack nearby host plants. To manage this pest, farmers often use 80% dichlorvos diluted at a ratio of 1:1000 and spray it on twigs and young fruit areas. Effective monitoring and timely application of pesticides are essential to prevent widespread infestation and crop loss.

Manual Resuscitator

An Ambu bag is a manual resuscitator used in emergency situations to provide breathing support to patients who are not breathing adequately on their own. It consists of a flexible bag connected to a face mask or Endotracheal Tube, which is manually squeezed to deliver oxygen to the patient's lungs. Ambu bags are commonly used by healthcare providers such as in hospitals, ambulances, and emergency rooms.

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