First, feeding and management:
1. Housing: The building should have dim lighting, with good ventilation in summer. It is essential to prevent dogs, cats, and rats from entering. Lighting equipment must be installed so that adequate light is available at night, which can help increase the egg production of female quails. In the breeding room, there are brooding cages, finishing cages, breeding cages, and hatching rooms. The cages can be made of bamboo or iron. The bottom of the cage should be meshed, allowing manure to fall through. The mesh size should be about 1.2 cm, and the mesh should be sloped slightly for easier removal after laying eggs.
2. Feeding: Quail feed should be low in fiber but rich in nutrients, with a variety of ingredients. Common components include soybean meal, fishmeal, cornmeal, wheat bran, rice bran, valerian, cabbage, carrots, bone meal, calcium carbonate, and salt. Vitamins, antibiotics, and trace elements can also be added. The feed should remain consistent. There are two feeding methods: dry feed and wet feed. When feeding wet feed, the ratio of dry feed to water is 1:3 in summer, 1:2 in winter, and 1:2.5 in spring. Feed four times a day, ensuring regular, measured, and quality-controlled supply. For quails aged 9-10 weeks, it's best to follow the "feed as much as they can eat" method.
3. Management: Male and female quails are best kept in separate groups to ensure regular breeding and improve fertilization rates. If grouping is not possible, they can be mixed, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:3. After breeding, the remaining males should be raised for meat. Stocking density is also important—100 quails per square meter for one-week-olds, 85 for two-week-olds, 70 for three-week-olds, and 50 for four-week-olds. The environment should be quiet, as stress can reduce egg production.
Second, breeding dragonflies (quails):
1. Selection: Choose healthy quail with well-proportioned eyes, slender necks, small heads, shiny feathers, and strong muscles. Avoid inbreeding. For females, look for a large belly, weighing between 130-150g. Those under 170g may not lay enough eggs. Egg production should be over 250 eggs every three months, with more than 250 annually being ideal. Males should be selected at 50 days old, with loud, continuous buzzing, wide chests, fully extended claws, and a weight of 120-130g. A red anal bulge and white foam when pressed indicate readiness to mate.
2. Breeding: Females typically start breeding at 3 months to 1 year, while males at 4-6 months. In practice, quails usually begin breeding at 50-60 days old, with a breeding season lasting one year, replaced annually. Breeding is most active in the morning and evening, with the highest fertilization rate after the first feeding in the morning. If using artificial incubation, quails can be bred all year round.
3. Egg Production: Light plays a crucial role in egg-laying. Provide 16 hours of light daily, using a 60-watt bulb for 4 hours and 4-watt bulbs for the rest.
4. Incubation: There are two types of hatching: natural and artificial. Natural hatching can be done using hens or hens. Artificial hatching uses an incubator, with a slightly higher temperature than chicken eggs—around 20-23°C. Humidity should be around 65%, rising to over 80% two days before hatching. Regular ventilation and turning the eggs every 2-3 hours helps the embryos develop. The hatching period lasts 17 days. Hatchlings should begin eating and drinking within 12 hours, no later than 24 hours after hatching.
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