The size and quality of fish species play a crucial role in their survival during the winter season. Practical experience has shown that smaller fish have lower survival rates when it comes to overwintering. As autumn approaches, both air and water temperatures gradually drop, and fingerlings focus on increasing body weight rather than just length. During this period, they accumulate large amounts of nutrients to prepare for the energy demands of winter. Therefore, proper management and cultivation in autumn are essential, especially for smaller fish. Implementing intensive rearing practices can help them gain weight more quickly, ensuring they survive the cold season safely.
1. **Adjust Stocking Density and Grade Rearing**
After the arrival of autumn, choose days with relatively cool weather to sort out fish of different sizes in the pond. Classify them into three groups: large (20 cm), medium (around 15 cm), and small (less than 15 cm). Larger fish can be moved to larger ponds with better conditions, while medium and small fish should be intensively raised. The stocking density in a pond with about 15 meters depth is typically between 3,000 to 5,000 fish per acre.
2. **Water Fertilization and Rational Feeding**
In addition to fertilizing the water, ponds that mainly raise species like carp should be fed with appropriate concentrates. For example, feed bran, cake, or compound feed at 9:00 am and 4:00 pm daily, at a rate of 0.5–1 kg per thousand fish. In addition to green feeds such as duckweed, young grass, and straw pulp, grass carp ponds should also receive cakes, rice bran, cottonseed meal, wheat bran, or compound feed. It's important to adjust feeding strategies based on the fish's needs.
3. **Strengthen Management and Disease Prevention**
Autumn is a high-risk season for fish diseases due to the suitable temperature and water conditions. Grass carp disease is particularly common and severe during this time. If preventive measures are not taken, an outbreak can cause serious losses. Regular monitoring and early detection are key. Inspect the ponds in the morning, afternoon, and evening, observing the behavior and feeding patterns of the fish. Follow the "four rules" of feeding: promptly remove leftovers, regularly disinfect feeding areas, use disease-prevention baits, and apply preventive drugs. Maintain good water quality by regularly adding fresh water. Every 20 days or so, apply quicklime (about 20 kg per mu) to improve the water environment and prevent diseases before they occur. Early treatment ensures better outcomes.
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