The size and quality of fish species play a crucial role in their survival during the winter season. Scientific studies have shown that smaller fish tend to have lower survival rates due to their limited energy reserves. As autumn approaches, both air and water temperatures gradually decline, and young fish shift their growth focus from increasing body length to gaining weight. During this period, they accumulate large amounts of nutrients to sustain themselves through the cold months. Therefore, it is essential to implement proper breeding and management practices in autumn, especially for smaller fish. These fish should be subjected to intensive cultivation methods to help them gain weight quickly and ensure they survive the winter safely.
1. **Adjust stocking density and sort fish by size.** In the fall, choose a cool and stable weather condition to sort fish of different sizes in the pond. Classify them into three groups: large (20 cm), medium (around 15 cm), and small (less than 15 cm). Larger fish can be moved to larger ponds with better conditions, while medium and small fish should be raised intensively. The stocking density for small fish in a 15-meter-deep pond is typically between 3,000 to 5,000 per acre.
2. **Fertilize the water and feed appropriately.** In addition to water fertilization, ponds mainly stocked with carp or similar species should be given concentrated feeds. Feed them twice daily—once at 9:00 AM and once at 4:00 PM—with bran, cake, or compound feed, approximately 0.5–1 kg per thousand fish. Alongside this, provide green fodder like duckweed, young grass, and straw pulp. For ponds primarily containing grass carp, supplement their diet with cakes, rice bran, cottonseed meal, wheat bran, or compound feed. Ensure feeding is done according to a schedule and avoid overfeeding.
3. **Improve management and disease prevention.** Autumn is a peak season for fish diseases, especially grass carp disease, which can cause serious losses if not controlled. Regular monitoring is essential—check the pond early, midday, and late afternoon to observe feeding behavior and activity levels. Follow the “four rules†for feeding: remove leftover food promptly, clean feeding areas regularly, use disease-prevention baits, and apply preventive drugs. Monitor water quality closely and change water regularly. Every 20 days, apply quicklime (about 20 kg per mu) to improve water conditions and prevent diseases before they occur. Early detection and treatment are key to maintaining healthy fish stocks.
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