With the rapid development of the pig industry in Zhenping County, Shaanxi, the pig breeds have also become increasingly fine-grained, especially the basic sows, which are basically the outer sows, which are related to the breeding physiology of the indigenous (local breed) pigs. There are major differences in characteristics. The main manifestation is that the puberty period is postponed, and the estrus characteristics are minor and it is difficult to determine the appropriate breeding time. On the production, it is difficult for the breeding to be affected by the problem of low fetal birth rate or conception rate, and the number of births is small. This affects the economic benefits of pig raising and promotes the enthusiasm of artificial insemination of pigs. It has become one of the limiting factors in the development of the pig industry. In order to solve this problem, we conducted a lot of research work, analyzed the reasons, summarized the experience, and conducted many experiments, summed up a set of simple and practical methods that can significantly improve the conception rate of the dual sow.
1 Guaranteed semen quality
1.1 Grasp the feeding and management of breeding boars
The boars must be fed special feed for boars and fed twice a day, feeding 2.5-3 kg per head per day, 1 egg, and 2-3 kg of green feed per day. The temperature of the boar can not exceed 28oC (above 28oC adverse effects on the sperm), keeping the pens and the pigs clean, and the boars are driven out of the pens for 30 minutes every morning.
1.2 Strict semen quality
After semen collection, first look at the amount of semen, color and odor (normal ejaculatory ejaculation is generally 150-300mL, the color is milky white or light gray, slightly smelling), if the sense of normal, should immediately carry out microscopic examination , Fresh spermatozoa active above 0.7 can be diluted or discarded. Semen should be diluted as soon as possible after collection, and the original sperm will not be stored for more than 30 minutes. Diluted with semen-specific diluent. When diluting, dilute the temperature of the diluent to the temperature of the semen. Slowly pour the diluent into the semen along the cup (bottle) of the semen, gently shake it, mix it, and then dispense. .
1.3 Semen preservation
The ambient temperature for storing semen must be controlled between 11-17oC. The temperature difference between day and night should not exceed 2oC. It is best to use a 17oC constant temperature freezer. The diluted semen was stored at room temperature (22-25oC) for 1 h and then wrapped in several layers of towels and stored directly in a 17oC thermostat. Semen should be shaken every 12 hours during semen preservation in order to prevent sperm death caused by precipitation. Shelf life is generally not more than 3d.
1.4 Semen storage during insemination
Cold winter or hot summer semen can not be exposed to the outside for too long (because heat stress or cold stress will affect the quality of sperm), in the winter insemination should be placed in the palm of your hand semen 2-3min to prevent semen The temperature is too low to cause semen backflow. Semen transport should be stored in a foam box, cool water in the summer and warm in the winter.
2 overcoming the sow's own reasons
2.1 Selection of sows
In order to overcome the traditional seed selection methods adopted by the maternity sow, the selected binary sow sow body size must meet the reproductive production requirements. The body is large, the back is straight, the back is wide and developed, and the limbs are strong and slightly longer. The vulva is normal in development. Larger pus, more than 7 pairs of effective nipples; parents of binary sow used for breeding should have excellent reproductive performance. Landrace or Yorkshire should be used as the first male parent for crossbreeding to grow up to grow and grow. In pigs, Duroc generally acts as a terminal father.
2.2 Suitable age breeding
The sow's sow body is mature and sexually mature later, generally reaches sexual maturity at 6-8 months of age. At this time, do not rush to breed. Wait until the body weight reaches 120kg or more. After 3 emotion periods, it is the fourth estrus period. .
2.3 Grasping the rearing and management of sows
Sows must be fed special sow feed (separated empty sow feed, pregnant sow feed and sow feed), and the feeds will be different depending on the stage. The sows are moderately scented and must not be too fat or too thin, and they must be supplemented with certain green feed to ensure the normal supply of vitamins.
2.4 Timely elimination of unsuitable sows
The types of elimination include: estrus symptoms are not obvious, estrus cycle is irregular; long-term infertility and treatment is not significantly improved; temperament is fierce, poor motherhood; poor lactating performance, nipple defects; suffering from infectious diseases. Because the above types of sows not only have low conception rates but also have low productivity, they have no practical value.
3 Improve sperm delivery technology
3.1 Accurate estrus identification
The estrus symptoms of the binary cross sows are not obvious, and they are difficult to observe and judge. This poses a certain degree of difficulty for the breeding. We have summarized the estrus identification methods of "one look, two counts, three listens, four press backs, and five comprehensives" through practice. That is to say whether the sow vulva is red and swollen, whether the color is red, and whether there is secretion; whether it is the estrus period of the sow; whether the sow is vocal or not; and the sow with the above performance is pressed and tested. If the sow is standing still, standing upright, and raising the tail root, the pig can be judged as having estrus. Conditions can also be used to test feelings boar.
3.2 Preparation before insemination
The vas deferens should be strictly sterilized. Generally, the boiled sterilizing method can be used, and a one-time anaesthesia device can also be used. The vulva of the mating sow must first be thoroughly cleaned, then disinfected with a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, and then rinsed with saline (to avoid disinfecting the drug to kill the sperm). At the same time, the inseminator should also pay attention to personal hygiene so that sows can be avoided. Infection of reproductive tract diseases to improve sperm insemination.
3.3 Essentials of insemination
The breeding sow should adopt the posture of low front and high back, and the vas deferens can be lubricated with a little semen. When inserting the tube, it should be inserted obliquely upwards at about 45 degrees, and it cannot be inserted hard so as not to damage the sow's vagina. Usually about 30cm into the mouth of the cervix, when there is some resistance, rotate the vas deferens counterclockwise and continue to move forward until it locks the cervix. When the cervix is ​​properly locked, due to the contraction of the genital tract, the vas deferens "bounces back". A slight return of the vas deferens to lock the cervix further and prepares for insemination. When inseminating, gently turn the semen bottle, and repeatedly mix the semen, obliquely cut the seal of the tip of the semen bottle, and guide the base of the spermaline. The inseminator can use one leg to ride in the sow's waist horn, hold the sperm bottle in one hand to raise the vas deferens, lightly press (not press) the semen bottle, and let the semen flow into the uterus of the sow. The other hand massages the mother. The lower abdomen of the pig began to inseminate slowly. The sow with static heat and stimulated by proper massage will actively absorb semen, inseminate for 8-10 min, try to make the semen automatically suck in the sow's reproductive tract, and if necessary, gently press the semen bottle and do not be impatient. The amount of insemination is recommended to reach 30-80mL (the original fine quality can be diluted 3-6 times). If the semen does not flow, move the vas deferens gently back and forth while keeping the stimulator spiral locked at the cervix and gently press the semen bottle; if semen flows out of the vulva, the pressure on the semen bottle should be reduced and the sire should be stimulated mildly Abdomen, lumbar horn, or tail root recess; if the sow suddenly urinates, another clean vas deferens. If the semen bottle is empty, remove it immediately and block or break the vas deferens. Do not allow air to enter the genital tract. Continue to artificially stimulate the sow and keep the vas deferens for about 1 minute in the sow's vagina. Then rotate the vas deferens clockwise and check for blood or other excretions at the tip of the vas deferens. Make a record. Problems should be dealt with promptly.
3.4 breeding methods and time
The use of secondary mating is effective. The first breeding is performed when the sow has a standing reflex (about 16-24 hours after the sow starts estrus), and the second breeding is done after 8-12 hours. If the estrus lasts longer Sows can be bred 3-4 times, starting from the second day of estrus, once a day, until the end of estrus. According to the characteristics of the sow's different ages, the principle of "early matching with the old, small with the late, and not aging with the middle" should be followed.
3.5 Treatment of reproductive tract diseases
Due to the fact that the ternary piglets produced by the sow are usually large individuals, superficial genital tract injury and microbiological infections cause birth diseases, such as metritis, vaginitis, etc., which are often caused by sows. Reproductive function is reduced or lost. Therefore, the sow should be intramuscularly injected with 2.4 million IU of streptomycin each day within 2-3 days postpartum to promote recovery of the body. For estrus in infertile pregnant sows, use physiological saline, plus 2 million IU of streptomycin for uterine lavage, and enter 20 mL of hypertonic glucose plus 800,000 IU of human penicillin mixture half an hour before insemination. To good effect.
In short, the level of conception of the sow is influenced by many factors, including the reason of the sow itself and human reasons. As long as various factors are well coordinated and the technical level reaches a certain level, the bivariate sow can be artificially inseminated. Achieve good results, so that the sow fertility rate and the number of childbirth to achieve the desired level, so as to improve the efficiency of pig raising.
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