A, bee chalk chalk, also known as lime bee, is an infective disease of bee larvae. It mostly occurs in spring or early summer, especially in rainy and humid environment.
Symptoms and Diagnosis Beetle larvae suffering from chalk disease died after being capped in the nest room. The 4-day-old larvae had the highest susceptibility to chalking. After the larvae became infected, the worms began to swell and grow white fluff, which filled the nests. The shape of the larvae could be the hexagonal shape of the nests, and then they collapsed and hardened. The cover is often bitten by the worker bees. The lumps of pests turning white are the main features of the disease. Drone larvae are often more susceptible to chalking than worker bee larvae. This is due to colony formation when the climate is cold and the outer larvae of the hive are often drone larvae. The number of bee spitters is not sufficient to maintain adequate nest temperature, making it easy Infected.
When the chalkiness is severe, blocky dry corpses can be found in front of the nest.
Occurrence and transmission of chalk disease is transmitted through the feed of contaminated larvae. When the bee larvae swallow the spores of Ascomyceps in the feed, the spores germinate in the intestine, and the mycelium grows in the lumen of the intestine, especially at the end of the hindgut. The mycelium passes through the wall of the intestine and destroys the end of the intestine. Often leaving the front end unaffected. When the symptoms of larvae occur, the aerial hyphae of Ascomyctococcus larvae appear on the surface of the pests. Ascosporus marinum does not reproduce in adult bees.
Control methods (1) Change the spleen to change the spleen: First, remove all the affected larvae of the diseased spleen and moldy spleen, and replace the spleen with clean empty spleen for spawning. The replaced nest was used after sulphur fumigation.
(2) Drug therapy: After the diseased bee colonies have changed their spleen and changed their spleen, they are promptly administered with nystatin according to the provisions of NY5138-2002. Each liter of 50% sugar water is added to the product 200mg. Once every 3 days, it is used 5 times. Times. During the nectar period, stop using it.
Common Chinese medicine prescriptions:
(1) Smilax glabra 60g, Sophora flavescens 40g, 1000ml decoction of water was added to obtain 500ml of liquid; 50g of dried alum and 10g of borneol were crushed into a fine powder. After the solution was dissolved, benzalkonium bromide was added to 20ml. The spleen was sprayed every other day and sprayed 4-5 times for a course of treatment. After the symptoms are controlled, to prevent recurrence, treatment can be repeated 2-3 times after interval of one week.
(2) During spring propagation, put a handful of salt on the inner side of the nest door or at the bottom of the box, so that the bees entering and exiting the hive will all pass through the salt powder. This will use bees as the medium to spread the salt throughout the whole nest, thus playing the role of disinfection and sterilization. Spreading salt three times a year can basically control the occurrence of various bee diseases caused by germs and have special effects on chalkiness.
(3) With the old raw garlic, a group of about 0.5kg, peeled, each smashed and evenly placed on the bottom plate of the beehive, so that the bees can freely forage, for 4 days for 1 and 4 times.
(4) smash with about 10 garlic cloves, apply appropriate amount of water, spray bee and spleen, and spray the inside walls and nest doors of the box. This method does not injure bee and larvae.
(5) honeysuckle 60g, forsythia 60g, dandelion 40g, Chuanxiong 20g, licorice 12g, wild chrysanthemum 60g, plantain 60g, add water 2kg, fry to 1kg medicine reserve. For spraying bees or sugar feeding bees, 3 days once, 3 times for a course of treatment, treatment for 3 courses.
(6) Coptis, rhubarb, Phellodendron each 20g, Sophora flavescens, safflower, silver flower, Folium each 15g, licorice 10g, add water 1000ml, use micro-fire to fry about 300ml when the concoction is poured, add water 200ml fried 5 After a few minutes, pour out the concoction and mix it with the first concoction. The affected bee colonies were sprayed once a day for 3 consecutive days.
(7) Sprinkle baking soda in the bee.
B. American larval disease American larval disease is a serious infectious disease of honeybees. The larvae (including larvae of worker bees and drones) of diseased bee colonies die a great deal during the pupa period, causing the colonies to weaken and even overwhelm.
Symptoms and Diagnosis When the spores of Bacillus larvae infect bee larvae, most of the infected larvae die in the pre-flood stage, and some also die in the flood stage. The head of the dead larvae faces the roof of the house. The body collapses along the back and begins to turn brown. The skin of the dead larvae becomes thin and easily torn. The larvae rot and turn into a thick, dark brown material that can be drawn. The cover of the diseased larvae quickly became wet, subsidered, dark and shiny. At this point, the worker bees begin to bite the lid, bite a small hole first, and finally bite off the lid.
There is no seasonality in the outbreak and transmission of larval disease in the Americas, as long as there are larvae in the colony, it is possible to develop the disease. The spread between bee colonies is caused by robbers or stray bees. Wax carp and big and small bee mites also play a major role in the spread of larval larvae in the Americas.
Prevention and control methods American larval disease is a fierce infectious disease that spreads rapidly and is seriously endangered. Once a bee colony with an American larva disease is discovered, it is best burned immediately to prevent infection. Take the change of the spleen, change the spleen, thoroughly disinfect the beehive bees, and combine the measures of feeding medicines, so the bee colonies with less severe illness can also be cured.
1. Change the case to change the spleen: Move the sick bee colony from its original position. Put a strictly sterilized beehive in place, put a proper amount of empty spleen or nest base frame in the box, tile a clean sheet in front of the nest door, and then shake the diseased bee on the paper and climb it into the box. Inside. The diseased group beehive and nest spleen were disinfected.
2. Drug treatment: Use oxytetracycline hydrochloride soluble powder or medical oxytetracycline tablets to feed 200 mg per group (based on the active ingredient), mix well with 1:1 syrup, once every 4-5 days, once every 3 days , 6 weeks before nectar withdrawal.
Common Chinese medicine prescriptions:
(1) Honeysuckle 20g, Radix Isatidis 12g, Folium Isatidis 15g, Fructus Lycii 15g, talc 20g, Chinese wolfberry 12g, Chinese wolfberry 10g, Forsythia 12g, dandelion 15g, licorice 6g (3-5) group.
(2) 3 buckwheat films, 3 tablets of Niuhuangjiedu tablets, vitamin C6 tablets, and multi-vitamin B2 tablets (two 2-3 tablets of buckwheat and bovine detoxification tablets were added respectively).
(3) Honeysuckle 20g, Haijinsha 15g, Scutellaria barbata 15g, Angelica 10g, licorice 20g.
(4) 30-50g acetic acid solution per Kg sugar solution, 200-300g per night beetle.
C, sporotariasis sporeworm disease is currently the most widespread bee adult worm disease in the world, the incidence rate in China is also higher. The life span of sick bees is shortened and their collection ability is reduced, which can cause serious economic losses and must attract sufficient attention.
Symptoms and Diagnosis Some of the symptoms of sporozoan infection are often confused with other bee diseases of adult bees, such as bee chronic palsy and hunger, pesticide poisoning, etc., and generally have two wings spread apart, abdominal swelling, diarrhea, Can not sting and other symptoms.
The spores of honeybees mainly infect adult bees (including queen bees). Larvae and ticks are not affected. The diseased bees did not have obvious symptoms at the initial stage of infection, but at the later stage, symptoms such as shrinking individuals, blackening of the head and tail, and diarrhea occurred. The diseased bees of the diseased bees have a pale mid-gut and no luster. Rings and elasticity have disappeared. It is possible to diagnose sporozoanosis on the bee farm based on this condition.
In the late winter and early spring, bee colony began to move, metabolism increased gradually, faeces in the hindgut of the bees increased rapidly. At this time, the outside temperature was still low, and the bees could not exhale in a large amount and sometimes excreted in the honeycomb. Therefore, this Seasonal spores transmit the most opportunities. In case of cold and rainy weather in spring and summer, bees can not be excreted for a long time and the incidence of sporangiasis will increase accordingly.
The colony lost its king and the condition will be more serious.
The robber bee can cause the spread of sporulation between bee colonies, and the water worker bee can also be the spreader of sporozoa.
The sporozoite of honeybees is often associated with viral diseases and larval rot diseases. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the prevention and control of sporozoosis of honey bees.
Control methods:
The prevention and control of spores must adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures (1) to ensure that the bees have sufficient quality wintering feed and a good wintering environment, and must not use winter honey to survive winter. The temperature of the overwintering room should be kept at 2-4°C, and it should be dry and well ventilated.
(2) In early spring, select a clear weather with temperatures above 10°C to allow the swarm to fly.
(3) Replace old and poor bees timely.
(4) The beehives, bees and nests of the disease group should be promptly cleaned and disinfected, and 80% acetic acid solution can also be used for fumigation. Glacial acetic acid is highly corrosive and should be used with care.
(5) Acid feed: Acid feed has better effect on controlling this disease, 1kg syrup or honey water add 1ml citric acid or 4MI acetic acid, each group feeds 0.5kg each time, fed 1 time every 5 days, even fed 5 times.
(6) Drug treatment: According to the provisions of NY5138-2002, use a whistle oxazole tablets feeding, per liter of 50% sugar water plus 500mg of this product, every 3 days 1 time, used 7 times, quarantine banned.
D, bee paralytic disease bee paralysis, also known as "black bee disease", is an adult bee disease, generally occurs in the spring and autumn.
Symptoms and Diagnosis There are two kinds of symptoms of bee palsy: one type (I type) is that the bees and body of the sick bee do not shake normally, they cannot fly up and often fall to the ground: sometimes they squash in a box; the abdomen expands and the wings Open and fall off. Abdominal swelling is caused by the filling of the honey sac. The sick bees died within a few days. The other (type II) symptom is that the diseased bees do not inflate in the abdomen, but the whole body's villi are stripped and the body shines black. The belly of the diseased bees sometimes shrinks, and they are often caught by old worker bees in their nests. After the sick bees fly out of the box, the guard bees will not allow them to fly back to the hive. Make them look like robbers. A few days later, they began to appear in the same bee colony, but generally one of them was dominant. In early spring and late autumn, the temperature is relatively low, the bee colony activity is less, with "I-type" symptoms as the main; in summer and autumn, bee colony activity is active, often with "Type II" symptoms.
The diagnosis of bee palsy disease is still dominated by typical symptoms. When you suspect that the bee colony suffers from paralytic disease, you can carefully observe the behavior of the diseased bee. If the diseased bee is paralyzed, loses balance, and the wings continue to tremble and be bitten by healthy bees, you can initially diagnose paralysis.
Occurrence and spread In the natural conditions, virions can enter the bee body through the pores on the crust that has been damaged by villi: Many bees are crowded and friction can also cause the bee paralysis virus to enter the body through wounds in vitro.
The occurrence of bee paralysis has a certain relationship with seasonal changes. In addition, due to natural or man-made factors, over-congestion of bees and loss of villi can contribute to an outbreak of paralysis. When a bee colony is lost, it is more prone to paralysis.
In the epidemic season of paralytic disease, if individual bees in the bee farm become ill, as soon as a stolen bee elapses, they will quickly spread throughout the audience and become widespread.
The prevention and treatment method for Wang is a good measure to treat bee paralysis. Introduced in different places to avoid long-term inbreeding of bee colonies is an effective method to prevent bee palsy. Drug therapy according to NYS138-2002, using agmatine powder (4%) fed, 50% sugar per liter plus the product 12g, 250ml per group, every other time, once every 5 times, nectar to stop using.
Common Chinese medicine prescriptions:
(1) Add 3% garlic juice to the sugar solution and feed 300/v600g per group per night until the condition is controlled. Feed every 1 week, stop for 2 days and feed for 1 week.
(2) Guanzhong 9g, hawthorn 20g, rhubarb 15g, pollen 9g, alfalfa 6g, astragalus 8g, dandelion 20g, licorice 12g, and 5 groups of bees per treatment. Add 4 kg of water to the medicine and fry it to 3 kg. After filtering the liquid medicine, add 1 kg of sugar and pour the liquid every night with a small beak of the pot along the bee stump. Each group is poured with 125 g and cured 4 times in succession.
(3) Hawthorn 25g, Magnolia officinalis 25g, Yunlin 25g, triturus 25g, Alisma 25g, Radix paeoniae 25g, raw army 25g, cloves 25g, ugly cow 25g, licorice 59g, add water 3000ml torment half an hour filter residue, take the liquid Add 1:1 syrup 5kg, can cross-spray 100 spleen bees, 3 days 1 times, stop using after the condition improved.
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