1. Important Points to Pay Attention To
While operating the machine, in addition to following all the steps outlined in the manual, there are several critical issues that require special attention.
(1) The semi-feed combine harvester is equipped with an advanced automatic control system. If the machine overheats, the hopper becomes full, transportation is blocked, the crop row isn't smooth, lubrication is inadequate, or the control system fails, the operator will be alerted through warning alarms and flashing indicator lights. At this point, it's essential to immediately check the affected components, identify the cause, and resolve the issue before continuing operation.
(2) Working in paddy fields with deep mud (more than 15 cm) can lead to the machine getting stuck. In such cases, it’s better to harvest manually rather than use the machine.
(3) Attempting to cut rice stems that have fallen flat on the ground can cause significant damage to the cutting mechanisms. Therefore, such conditions should be avoided during operation.
(4) When using rubber tracks, extra care must be taken. For example, when crossing over obstacles higher than 10 cm, straw or bridges should be placed on both sides of the field. Also, avoid sharp turns on gravel roads to prevent unnecessary wear and tear.
(5) Avoid using the high-speed gear on the secondary speed control lever during harvesting, as this could lead to mechanical failure.
2. Comprehensive Maintenance Before and After Operation
Rice harvesting is a time-sensitive process, so it's crucial to conduct a complete inspection and maintenance of the machine before the harvest season begins. This includes adjusting, repairing, and replacing parts to ensure the machine operates at its best and to avoid missing the optimal harvest window.
(1) Walking Mechanism: According to the manufacturer's guidelines, bearings should be greased every 500 hours of operation and replaced after 1000 hours. However, in practice, some machines may experience bearing failure after just a few hundred hours. If not detected early, this can damage the brackets and lead to more complex repairs. Therefore, after disassembling, it's important to carefully inspect support rollers, tensioners, drive wheels, and bearing sets. If any looseness is found, replace them immediately, regardless of their service life. The recommended replacement period for rubber tracks is 800 hours, but due to their high cost, they are usually only replaced when completely worn out.
(2) Cutting Section: The vertical grain delivery screw has a service life of 400 hours, while the screening and delivery screw rod lasts up to 1000 hours. During inspections, if excessive wear is detected, these parts should be replaced. Repairs can include surfacing welding if needed. If the blades are torn or missing during harvesting, in addition to checking and adjusting the blade gap and replacing worn blades, the cutter crank and roller should also be inspected. Excessive wear here can affect the cutting stroke and reduce cutting quality, so timely replacement is necessary. Some parts of the detachment mechanism are difficult to access, so regular checks during maintenance are essential. Any issues should be addressed promptly to avoid operational problems and delays in farming.
3. Regular Daily Maintenance
Daily maintenance is fundamental to keeping the machine in good working condition. Beyond cleaning, lubricating, refilling, and tightening, routine inspections help identify minor issues early, preventing major failures.
(1) Check diesel, engine oil, and coolant levels, and add as needed.
(2) Inspect the electrical system and clean any sensors clogged by plant debris.
(3) Examine the running mechanism and remove mud, grass, and straw. Adjust the rubber track if it becomes loose.
(4) Check the harvesting, conveying, and threshing components. Ensure the knife clearance, chain and belt tension, and spring elasticity are normal. Refill the centralized lubrication tank. For parts that cannot be lubricated automatically, manually apply grease.
(5) Clean the machine and inspect components like the oil cooler, radiator, air cleaner, dust filter, and belt cover. Remove any blockages caused by dust or debris.
4. Enhance Training and Management
Currently, semi-feed rice combine harvesters available in the Guangdong market include models from Kubota, Yanmar "Popular," and Korean brands like "International" and "Toyo." For these imported or joint-venture products, training should focus not only on driving skills but also on proper maintenance practices. Managers should regularly inspect the daily maintenance of the machines. After the harvest season, relevant personnel must supervise and assist the operators in fully disassembling the equipment. For those who use hand-operated machines, a compensation system that combines work volume and machine condition can be implemented to ensure operators don’t neglect maintenance in favor of productivity.
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