How much fertilizer should be applied to an acre of corn?

In a certain range, maize yield increases as fertilizer application increases. Accurately determining the right amount of fertilizer is crucial for achieving high yields, stable production, and efficient corn farming. However, figuring out the correct fertilizer quantity is a complex process. As corn grows, it absorbs nutrients from both the soil and the fertilizers applied during the season. The proportion of nutrients taken from the soil versus fertilizer depends on various factors, making precise calculation challenging. While there are several theoretical methods to determine fertilizer needs, they can be quite complicated. Here are two practical approaches for reference. (Nongbo Seed Industry) When conditions allow, soil testing and fertilization can be an effective method. It’s recommended to measure the nutrient content in the soil every 3 to 5 years. Based on factors like the planned yield, soil fertility, and the current season's fertilizer utilization rate, you can estimate the required fertilizer using the following formula: **Fertilizer Application Amount = (Planned Nutrient Demand - Soil Nutrient Supply) / (Fertilizer Content × Utilization Rate)** Fertilizer utilization rates vary significantly. For example, organic manure typically has a utilization rate of around 30%, while nitrogen fertilizers range between 40% to 50%, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers between 30% to 40%. To illustrate, let's say you want to produce 500 kg of corn per mu. Assume the soil provides 17 kg of nitrogen, 6 kg of P₂O₅, and 14.4 kg of K₂O per mu. The soil's nutrient availability is 50% for nitrogen, 70% for P₂O₅, and 30% for K₂O. According to standard fertilizer tests, producing 100 kg of grain requires 2.9 kg of nitrogen, 1.2 kg of P₂O₅, and 2.4 kg of K₂O. Using urea (46% N), superphosphate (16% P₂O₅), and potassium chloride (50% K₂O), the calculation would be: **Nitrogen Fertilizer (Urea) = [(500/100 × 2.9) – (17 × 50%)] / (46% × 40%) = 32.16 kg/mu** If base fertilizer (manure) of 2000 kg is used with 0.45% nitrogen and a 30% utilization rate, this provides 2.7 kg of nitrogen, equivalent to about 5.87 kg of urea. So the actual urea needed would be: **32.16 – 5.87 = 26.29 kg/mu** Similar calculations apply to phosphate and potash fertilizers. In many regions, soil testing is still not widely practiced. In Shandong, for instance, where summer corn is grown, Organic Fertilizer is rarely used due to time constraints. Based on current soil fertility and yield levels, it’s estimated that around 100 kg of nitrogen, 1.4 kg of P₂O₅, and 2.8 kg of K₂O per mu are needed for optimal corn production. This approach has been proven effective in practice, helping farmers meet their yield goals while improving soil health over time. For example, in Yantai City, where the soil is already fertile (around 500 kg of grain potential), and the goal is to produce 750 kg of corn per mu, the required amounts are calculated based on the nutrient needs of 100 kg of grain. This leads to approximately 23.2 kg of nitrogen, 11.0 kg of P₂O₅, and 23.6 kg of K₂O per mu. The results showed a yield of 757.9 kg of corn. To calculate specific fertilizer needs, suppose the previous wheat yield was 400 kg per mu and the target corn yield is 600 kg. Then: - **Urea**: (600/100 × 3.1) / 46% = 40.4 kg/mu - **Superphosphate**: (600/100 × 1.4) / 16% = 52.5 kg/mu - **Potassium Chloride**: (600/100 × 2.8) / 50% = 33.6 kg/mu If the previous crop left sufficient phosphorus or if the soil has enough potassium, you can reduce the use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers accordingly.

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