(1) Timely cultivation and topdressing to meet the nutrient needs of the crop. During the jointing stage up to the small ear emergence period (from 6-leaf to 10-leaf stage), fertilization is carried out in combination with cultivation. The cultivator helps decompose wheat residues and control weeds. Topdressing should mainly involve nitrogen fertilizer, and it should not be applied on the surface. Instead, it should be placed close to the root zone or covered deeply after application to improve fertilizer efficiency and avoid seedling burn.
(2) Timely drainage and irrigation to prevent both waterlogging and drought. Throughout the entire growing period of maize, young plants are relatively drought-tolerant. However, during heavy rains, proper drainage is essential to prevent waterlogging that could damage the ears and shoots. From the booting stage to grain filling, corn has a high water demand and is more sensitive to drought than to excess water. If dry conditions occur, timely irrigation is necessary. One or two irrigations during this critical phase can significantly boost yield and quality.
(c) Strengthen field management to prevent lodging, which is a major factor limiting corn yield. Lodging, especially in the mid to late growth stages, reduces productivity. For varieties that are resistant to lodging and have good density tolerance, it's important to manage planting density properly, apply fertilizers reasonably, perform moderate tillage, and remove weak or underdeveloped plants. If an area shows excessive plant density and a high risk of lodging, plant growth regulators can be applied in advance. For example, spraying 50% Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride at a 200-fold dilution before the booting stage can help reduce lodging risk.
(d) Effective pest and disease control to ensure healthy growth. Common diseases in summer corn include leaf spot, stalk rot (blight), and dwarf mosaic virus. Major pests include corn borers, armyworms, bollworms, aphids, underground pests, and thrips. Early detection through forecasting and monitoring is key to effective prevention and control. Regular field inspections and timely intervention are crucial to minimize losses.
(e) Harvest at the right time to ensure both quality and quantity. When corn reaches physiological maturity, the kernels become dry and hard, the "milk line" disappears, and a black layer forms at the base of the kernels, indicating full maturity. At this stage, moisture content is typically around 30%. A common issue is early harvesting, which leads to high moisture levels, poor bulk density, mold, and damaged kernels, all of which lower both yield and quality. It’s recommended to wait until the ears are fully mature and puffed before harvesting. Delaying harvest slightly can actually improve both yield and grain quality. Additionally, it's important to coordinate the timing of wheat planting with corn harvesting for optimal farm management.
Maize Expert Advisory Group
July 28, 2006
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