High-temperature composting is a key component of the "Fertile Soil Project," aimed at enhancing soil fertility and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. It serves as an effective method for returning crop straw to the fields, helping to recycle nutrients and reduce waste. High-temperature compost offers numerous benefits, including the use of diverse raw materials, ease of application, environmental cleanliness, pollution reduction, improved soil quality, low cost, and rich nutrient content—making it highly popular among farmers. With summer's high temperatures and rainy season now in full swing, this is an ideal time to accelerate the composting process. The success of this critical step will directly impact the overall progress of organic fertilizer initiatives across the county. Therefore, all villages should take immediate action, make full use of available organic materials such as wheat straw, bran, weeds, and fallen leaves, and implement effective strategies through various forms of promotion to quickly launch a high-temperature composting campaign.
**I. High-Temperature Composting Technology**
1. **Ground Composting Method**: Choose a location that is close to a water source and easily accessible for transportation. The size of the compost pile depends on the site and the amount of material. First, level the ground and spread a layer of fine dry soil at the bottom. Then place a layer of uncut corn stalks to create a ventilation bed (about 26 cm thick). Next, layer the composting materials, each layer about 20 cm thick, and add human manure in between, with more on the lower layers to ensure good air circulation. Insert wooden sticks vertically at regular intervals before stacking to allow proper airflow. After the pile is complete, remove the sticks, leaving small holes for ventilation. The composting materials typically include straw, animal waste, and fine soil in a ratio of 3:2:5. Adding 2–5% calcium magnesium phosphate can improve the efficiency of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium. After mixing according to the ratio, adjust the moisture content to around 50% of the wet weight. To prevent leakage, dig a 30 cm deep and wide trench around the pile. Finally, cover the pile with a 3–5 cm layer of mud. Within 2–8 days, the temperature will rise significantly, and the pile will gradually settle. When the temperature starts to drop, turn the pile and mix the inner materials thoroughly. If white mold appears, add water and reseal the pile with mud. Once it’s half-decomposed, seal it tightly for use.
**Signs of Mature Compost**: The compost is ready when the plant material is completely broken down, the color turns dark brown or black, the stalks are soft and mixed, and there are no visible plant residues. When squeezed by hand, the compost should release clear liquid and have no foul odor.
2. **Fast Rot Composting Method**: This method involves using various types of straw and manure along with a "fast decay agent" to regulate nutrients and introduce microbial cultures for efficient decomposition. For every cubic meter of wheat straw (approximately 65–70 kg), you need 0.5 kg of microbial agents and 0.5 kg of urea. Place the straw on flat ground and dig a 15–20 cm wide and 30 cm deep trench at the base. The length can be adjusted based on the amount of material. Mix the straw with water, adding more than 2 kg of water per 1 kg of straw. Stack the material to a height of 0.6–0.7 meters, then spread half of the urea evenly. Add the next layer of 0.4–0.5 meters, followed by the remaining microbes and urea. Finally, stack the third layer to 0.3–0.4 meters, compact it, and add enough water. Seal the pile tightly with mud. In 7–10 days, the pile should collapse uniformly. If uneven, add water to the higher areas. After about 30 days, the straw should turn dark brown or muddy, indicating completed composting.
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