The growth of cotton can be divided into two main stages: vegetative growth, which includes root, stem, and leaf development, and reproductive growth, involving bud formation, boll development, and flocculation. These two phases often occur out of sync, leading to an imbalance in the supply, transport, and distribution of photosynthetic products within the plant. This imbalance is a major cause of cotton boll shedding. To address this issue, a comprehensive approach centered on proper fertilization and growth regulation is essential for reducing boll drop.
Practical experience has shown that managing the early growth of stems and leaves, setting up a strong yield potential during the mid-growth stage, and preventing premature aging are effective strategies to reduce boll shedding in the middle and lower parts of the plant. In addition to rational planting density and improved water management, scientific fertilization plays a crucial role in achieving balanced growth.
It's important to monitor the seedling stage closely and apply appropriate seedling fertilizer. While nitrogen is essential, it should be used in combination with suitable amounts of phosphorus and potassium to prevent excessive vegetative growth and early canopy closure. This helps promote better boll development in the middle and lower regions. Applying a steady-release fertilizer, along with organic matter, ensures a gradual nutrient supply, maintaining plant stability and balancing vegetative and reproductive growth. This balance helps the plant better capture sunlight, produce more organic nutrients, and meet the needs of both growth stages.
During the boll-setting phase, when the plant shifts from vegetative to reproductive growth, most of the available nutrients are directed toward reproductive organs. At this point, a small amount of fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer can help maintain plant vigor. Additionally, certain plant growth regulators, such as chlormequat, play a key role in directing photosynthetic products toward developing bolls. These hormones enhance nutrient transport to young bolls, promoting their development and significantly reducing boll shedding.
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