Tenebrio, commonly known as the mealworm, is an arthropod that has gained significant attention in recent years for its high nutritional value and versatility as a feed source. First introduced from the former Soviet Union to Beijing Zoo in 1952, Tenebrio larvae are now widely used in the artificial breeding of various animals, including frogs, snakes, fish, and birds. With 51% crude protein and 29% fat content, they are rich in amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and enzymes, making them an ideal live feed for carnivorous species. One kilogram of mealworms provides the same nutritional value as 20 kilograms of commercial feed, significantly reducing feeding costs while improving growth rates and disease resistance.
The culture of Tenebrio requires careful control of environmental conditions, such as temperature (28–32°C) and humidity (65–80%). By optimizing these factors, the production cycle can be shortened, allowing for up to 600 kg per square meter annually. This not only enhances efficiency but also supports large-scale production, making it a sustainable option for converting low-cost plant-based feeds like bran and vegetables into high-quality protein sources.
Tenebrio undergoes complete metamorphosis, passing through four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The adults, which emerge from pupae, have a lifespan of about 50–70 days and lay around 300 eggs per batch. Eggs hatch within 8–10 days, and larvae grow over approximately 80 days before entering the pupal stage. During this time, proper feeding with wheat bran and fresh vegetables is crucial to ensure healthy development.
To successfully rear Tenebrio, breeders must maintain clean, well-ventilated housing with controlled temperatures and humidity. Wooden trays, sieve plates, and proper feeding schedules help manage different life stages efficiently. Regular monitoring is essential to prevent disease, manage population density, and ensure optimal growth. Diseases like soft rot and stem blight can occur due to poor hygiene or improper moisture levels, requiring prompt intervention with disinfectants and improved ventilation.
Proper management practices, such as timely feeding, waste removal, and avoiding overcrowding, are key to maximizing yield and quality. For farmers, planning ahead and tracking the number of larvae at each stage ensures a steady supply of feed for economic animals. As demand for Tenebrio continues to rise, especially in frog and bird farming, its role in sustainable agriculture and aquaculture is becoming increasingly vital.
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