Citrus sunburn is a physiological disorder triggered by prolonged exposure of the fruit's skin to harsh sunlight and high temperatures, particularly during its growth and maturation phase. It's a major contributor to abnormal fruit drop in citrus trees. The worst outbreaks typically occur between June and September. Sunburned areas on the fruit develop a tough, coarse texture, while the skin turns yellow or brownish-yellow. Affected fruits often become misshapen, with dried-up segments and reduced juice content. Their flavor suffers, and their market value plummets, making them harder to sell or forcing growers to accept lower prices.
To combat this issue, consider implementing these comprehensive strategies:
Firstly, timely irrigation is essential. Ensuring the soil remains adequately moist and increasing air humidity around the orchard can help mitigate sunburn risks. This creates a more favorable microclimate for the citrus trees. Secondly, fruit bagging is highly effective. Wrapping fruits located at the top of the canopy or along its edges with specialized covers significantly reduces the chances of sunburn.
Thirdly, deep tilling the orchard soil enhances root strength and boosts water uptake efficiency, promoting balanced growth above and below ground. Fourthly, applying reflective materials like white paper or lime slurry on exposed surfaces of vulnerable fruits can protect against sunburn or alleviate its effects.
Fifthly, mulching the soil helps retain consistent moisture levels, preventing drought stress in the trees. Sixthly, careful pesticide application is crucial. Avoid using concentrated sprays and never apply chemicals under direct sunlight. During the fruiting season, limit the use of lime sulfur, but if necessary, keep it at a concentration no higher than 0.2 Baume to prevent excessive buildup on the fruit.
Seventhly, foliar fertilization with a 0.05% titanium trace nutrient solution has been shown to be an effective preventive measure. Lastly, thinning out excess fruits early in the season, especially those at the top and outer edges of the canopy, can reduce the likelihood of sunburn occurrence.
These practices collectively aim to safeguard citrus crops from sunburn damage, ensuring healthier yields and better economic returns for growers.
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