The crushing mechanism of the medium-crushed coal gangue crusher is similar to that of a gyratory crusher. The crushing action occurs between the movable and fixed cones, which are designed to compress the material. The movable cone is mounted on a spherical bearing and suspended on a vertical shaft. This shaft is positioned inside an eccentric sleeve, which rests on a thrust bearing.
The movable cone is driven by the eccentric sleeve in conjunction with the vertical shaft. The eccentric sleeve is rotated by a horizontal shaft and pulley system, which is connected via bevel gears. The pulley is powered by an electric motor through a V-belt. As the eccentric sleeve rotates, it causes the vertical shaft to move in a conical motion, allowing the movable cone to crush the material when it comes into contact with the fixed cone.
The casing is composed of two parts, fastened together with bolts. Each bolt is equipped with a strong spring, which serves as a safety mechanism. If a metal object or other hard material accidentally enters the crushing chamber, the spring helps lift the fixed cone, increasing the discharge opening to allow the foreign object to pass through safely. Some cone crushers also feature hydraulic or water pressure systems for adjusting the size of the discharge port.
Ore is fed into the machine through a distribution tray, which is attached to the top of the vertical shaft. As the shaft rotates, it creates vibrations that help evenly distribute the material around the cone. The fixed cone can be raised or lowered using a hinge mechanism, allowing adjustment of the discharge gap. All components are made from cast steel, while the working surfaces of both cones are lined with manganese steel to protect against wear. These linings can be replaced once worn out, typically by melting and bonding them to the cone.
The medium-crushed coal gangue crusher is sometimes referred to as the short-head crusher or "round grinding" type. It shares a similar structure with the standard cone crusher but differs in the shape of its moving and fixed cones. The short-head design features shorter cones with a longer parallel zone, resulting in smaller feed and discharge openings, which allows for finer output (typically 5–10 mm).
In addition to the standard and short-head models, there is also a medium-sized cone crusher that can be used for both medium and fine crushing. The main distinction between these types lies in the cross-sectional shape of the crushing chamber, which affects the final particle size. The rotary coal crusher is typically used for coarse crushing, while the standard cone crusher is used for medium crushing, and the short-head cone crusher is ideal for fine crushing. The specifications of medium and fine cone crushers are usually indicated by the diameter D of the base of the moving cone.
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