Alias: Trollius, Eclipta, Helenia, Great Red Sparrow
Scientific Name: Tropaeolum majus
Family & Genus: Nasturtium
Species: Perennial Herbaceous Flower
Origin:
Native to South America.
Ecological Habits:
Thrives in warm and humid conditions with plenty of sunlight. The ideal temperature for growth is between 18°C and 24°C. It does not flower well in high summer temperatures. Avoid excessive moisture and cold environments.
Morphological Characteristics:
The stems are hollow and have a pale gray-green color. Leaves are alternate, long-petiolate, and peltate-round with wavy edges. The pedicels are slender, and the flowers emerge from leafhoppers. Each flower is single and has a diameter of about 5 cm. The calyx base is united into a tube. The colors include white, yellow, orange, red, purple, and various combinations.
The leaves are attractive, and the flowers come in vibrant shades like purple, orange, and yellow. These plants are particularly showy and can bloom throughout the year under suitable conditions. Each flower lasts approximately 8–9 days, and the plant can have dozens of flowers open at once. With their fragrant aroma and bright colors, they are widely loved by gardeners.
Application:
The unique leaf shape and green flowers make nasturtium ideal for container gardening, balcony planting, or ornamental use. They are often planted along forest edges, fences, corners, rock gardens, lawns, or shrubs. They also look great on the edges of flower beds or in flower borders.
Related Reading:
How to Make Nasturtium Bloom During the Spring Festival?
Sow seeds in late autumn or early September. When the seedlings have 2–3 true leaves, transplant them into medium pots and place them in a sunny area. Water moderately and maintain general care. After the first frost, move the plants indoors to a sunny spot, keeping the temperature between 15°C and 25°C. The minimum temperature should not drop below 8°C. Rotate the pots regularly to ensure even growth and a full appearance. Watering should be moderate—too little causes yellowing leaves, while too much can lead to root rot. Apply a 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 10 days. Avoid excess nitrogen fertilizer, as it may cause elongation.
Stakes are needed to support the stalks of nasturtium. If left to grow naturally, the stems may become too long and affect the visual appeal. To control stem growth, when the plant reaches 30–40 cm in height and begins to flower, apply a 100 ppm paclobutrazol solution to the leaves. The effect will be visible within three days. The main vine becomes thicker, while the top vines grow more slowly, allowing side flowers to open sequentially, creating an attractive display.
In recent years, in areas south of the Yangtze River, horticultural departments have cultivated autumn and winter crops, then moved them to street green spaces after spring. As the stems and vines of nasturtium grow, they quickly cover the area and bloom in succession, creating a vivid and colorful landscape that enhances urban aesthetics.
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