When cabbage is planted too early, it often develops long, loose leaves with a small, underdeveloped head and poor yield. This issue is primarily caused by high temperatures, heavy rainfall, or rapid soil drying, which can lead to severe damage from pests and diseases. Common problems include soft rot, heart disease, downy mildew, powdery mildew, viral infections, aphids, and cabbage worms. In addition, improper fertilization—such as excessive nitrogen and insufficient phosphorus and potassium—along with inconsistent watering, can also prevent the formation of a tight head. By implementing proper agricultural techniques and improving management practices, these issues can be effectively addressed.
To improve head formation, apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers 25 days after planting. Repeat this every 10 to 15 days. For each application, mix 25–30 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in fresh water, or use diluted livestock manure (80–100 times) and apply it 2–3 times. This helps strengthen the plant's root system and promotes better head development.
Start foliar feeding from the early stages of growth. Spray a mixture of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 500 times diluted Feng Strong, and 1500 times diluted Shennong chelating fertilizer every 7–10 days. Apply this 3–5 times, ensuring even coverage on all leaves. This method helps enhance nutrient absorption and supports healthy growth.
Maintain consistent moisture during the growing period. Avoid irregular watering, as dry-wet cycles can cause leaf curling and wilting. Water in the morning and evening when the weather is dry, applying 1.5–2 kg of water per plant. Cover the soil with wheat straw or other mulch to reduce evaporation and maintain soil moisture.
Pest and disease control is essential. Cabbage is vulnerable to viral infections, soft rot, cutworms, and aphids, which can hinder head formation. Regularly inspect the plants for signs of infestation. If pests are found, spray 2–3 times with a 1500-fold solution of Daisen ammonium or a combination of 1500 and 1000 times diluted insecticides. If soft rot is a concern, add 500 times diluted agricultural streptomycin to the spray. Timely intervention ensures healthier plants and better yields.
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