Seed Quality Issues
Currently, there are numerous flower seeds available in the market. When purchasing, flower growers should pay close attention to the production date and shelf life indicated on the packaging, whether they are buying domestic or imported seeds. Avoid purchasing seeds that are not properly labeled, as this may lead to poor quality or even non-viable seeds.
Expired seeds often lose their viability and may not germinate at all. Additionally, when buying seeds, it's important for growers to have a basic understanding of the plant type. For example, knowing whether the seeds are for annuals, perennials, spring-blooming, or autumn-blooming flowers can make a big difference. Typically, seeds sown in spring will bloom in summer and autumn, while those sown in autumn usually bloom in spring and summer (except for woody plants). Sowing at the wrong time, especially without proper controlled conditions, can result in poor flowering. It's also wise to avoid seeds from unfamiliar varieties unless you have experience with them.
Inadequate Seed Treatment
Each type of flower seed requires different treatment methods. Some seeds, like poppies, can be soaked in warm water at around 40°C for a day and night before sowing. Hard-seeded plants such as asparagus, peonies, and reeds benefit from soaking in hot water for about 48 hours before planting. After 20 to 30 days, they can begin to sprout. Seeds with dormancy, such as pearl plum and Bauhinia, can be soaked in warm water between 40°C and 60°C for 24 to 48 hours and then directly sown. Some seeds require a period of cold stratification to break dormancy, like cloves and wax plum. Others have double dormancy, meaning their roots need a high-temperature phase of 25°C to 32°C for one to two months to germinate, such as tassel and peony seeds.
Ignoring Germination Temperature
Besides moisture, dry seeds also require specific temperatures to germinate. For instance, cruciferous bulbs need a temperature range of 5°C to 20°C. Gerbera seeds thrive at a moderate temperature of 20°C to 25°C, while primrose seeds require 15°C to 18°C. If the temperature is too high or too low, it can reduce the germination rate and even cause the seeds to rot, leading to poor seedling development.
Unreasonable Sowing Time
Larger, hard, or oily seeds, such as those from roses, pomegranates, and magnolias, are best sown in autumn. Smaller seeds with thin coats, like chrysanthemums, impatiens, and gardenias, are more suitable for late spring sowing. Seeds that require high temperatures for germination, such as cyclamen and primroses, should be sown as soon as they mature, typically in early summer.
Issues with Sowing Quality
Flower seeds can be sown either directly in the open ground or in pots. Regardless of the method, the soil must be loose, well-draining, and rich in organic matter. The ideal medium has a balanced pH and sufficient nutrients to support healthy germination. Common sowing techniques include broadcasting, drilling, and spot sowing. Before sowing, the soil should be moistened, and plastic film can be used to cover the area to prevent drying. The general rule is to sow seeds at a depth of about two and a half times their diameter. Small seeds like cockscomb, August chrysanthemum, and cineraria should be mixed with fine sand before sowing. After germination, gentle watering is recommended, but excessive moisture can harm delicate roots and seedlings.
Overlooking Light Requirements
Proper lighting after sowing helps increase soil temperature and encourages germination. It’s especially crucial for seeds breaking through the seed coat and developing root buds. Good light not only improves the emergence rate but also promotes strong, healthy seedlings. From sowing to transplanting, ensuring adequate light is essential. The light intensity should gradually transition from dark to weak light, eventually reaching natural daylight conditions.
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