When cabbage is planted too early, it often develops long, loose leaves with a small head and low yield. This issue is mainly caused by high temperatures, excessive rainfall, or rapid soil drying, which can lead to serious damage from pests and diseases—especially soft rot, heart disease, downy mildew, powdery mildew, and viral infections. In addition, improper fertilization, such as an overuse of nitrogen fertilizer and a lack of phosphorus and potassium, along with inconsistent watering, can also prevent the formation of a tight head. To address these problems, proper management and timely interventions are essential.
To improve head formation, apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers 25 days after planting. Repeat this every 10 to 15 days. For each application, mix 25 to 30 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in fresh water, or use diluted human and animal manure (80 to 100 times). You can apply this 2 to 3 times for best results.
Start foliar feeding once the plants begin to form heads. Spray a mixture of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 500 times diluted Feng Strong, and 1500 times diluted Shennong chelating fertilizer every 7 to 10 days. Apply this 3 to 5 times, ensuring even coverage on all leaves to promote healthy growth.
Watering is crucial during the growth period. Maintain consistent moisture without allowing the soil to dry out. Avoid irregular watering, as this can cause leaf curling and wilting. During dry periods, water the plants twice daily—morning and evening. Each plant should receive about 1.5 to 2 kilograms of water. Mulch the soil with wheat straw or other organic material to reduce evaporation and keep the soil moist.
Pest and disease control is equally important. Common threats include virus disease, soft rot, cutworms, and aphids, which can prevent the cabbage from forming a proper head. Regularly inspect the leaves for signs of infestation. If pests are present, spray a solution of 2-3 times diluted Farmland and 1500 times diluted Daisen ammonium for 2 to 3 consecutive applications. Alternatively, use a mixture of 1500 times diluted pesticide and 1000 times diluted insecticide. If soft rot is a concern, add 500 times diluted agricultural streptomycin to the spray for added protection.
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