Cultivation Techniques of Planting Ryegrass in Paddy Field

Ryegrass is a high-quality forage that has gained significant importance in aquaculture and livestock farming. As the demand for animal feed increases, ryegrass has become a vital resource for feeding cattle, poultry, fish, and other herbivores. In paddy fields, ryegrass can be sown 7–10 days before the final rice harvest, allowing farmers to take advantage of early planting and secure a high yield of fresh grass before winter. This timing helps ensure a steady supply of feed for livestock before and after the Spring Festival, leading to better economic returns. Key cultivation techniques include: (A) Early Sowing: The optimal time to sow ryegrass is from late September to late October. However, the latest sowing should not go beyond mid-November. It’s best to sow the seeds just before the last rice harvest, ensuring enough time for growth before the cold season. (B) Choosing High-Yield Varieties: Selecting suitable varieties such as No. 1 Ryegrass, Oregon, or Winter Grazing 70 Rye can significantly improve productivity and adaptability to local conditions. (C) Proper Sowing Techniques: (1) Determine the seeding rate based on the variety. Large-seeded types like No. 1 or Oregon require 2.5–3 kg per 0.067 hectares, while smaller seeds like Salt Lead No. 1 need 1.5–2 kg. Special large-seeded varieties like Winter Grazing 70 Rye require 6–8 kg per 0.067 hectares. (2) Soak the seeds in a 2% superphosphate solution (2 kg of superphosphate in 100 kg of clean water) for 24 hours to enhance germination. (3) Mix the soaked seeds with dry fine soil (10 kg per 0.067 hectares) to make them easier to handle during sowing. (4) Sow the seeds in the evening before draining the field. Distribute two-thirds of the seeds first, then spread the remaining third evenly to ensure uniform coverage. If the rice plants are dense, gently shake them to help the ryegrass seeds fall onto the ground. (5) Allow the field to dry the next day, and clear any standing water in low areas to prevent waterlogging. (D) Scientific Field Management: (1) After mechanical harvesting, remove straw promptly to avoid blocking seedlings and reducing their quality. (2) Replant any damaged seedlings caused by machinery traffic. (3) Dig drainage ditches regularly, spacing them 30 meters apart horizontally and 5–10 meters vertically. Break up the dug soil and spread it back into the field. (4) Apply a top dressing of 1,000 kg of compost mixed with 10 kg of 45% NPK fertilizer per 0.067 hectares, or 30 kg of 45% NPK fertilizer, or 10 kg DAP plus 10 kg urea. (5) When the ryegrass reaches over 30 cm in height, cut it back to 5–8 cm to encourage regrowth. Apply 15–20 kg of 4–6% NPK fertilizer or 7.5–10 kg of urea per 0.067 hectares. (6) Apply two foliar sprays during winter to boost cold resistance and increase fresh grass production. (7) Irrigate during spring droughts to support growth and maximize yield. (8) Plow and break up the field one week before planting to prepare the soil properly. By following these methods, farmers can effectively grow ryegrass, ensuring a sustainable and profitable source of feed for their animals throughout the year.

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