During the cultivation of sweet potato, we encountered the phenomenon that sweet potatoes formed some deformed tuberous roots. Some big heads and small tails form burdock roots, some appear cracks, and others have hard roots, and they have long "red blood" and so on. The occurrence of these phenomena has seriously affected the commercial value of sweet potatoes.
The young roots that grow from the yam or seed potato seedlings are called fiber roots. Whether or not the fiber root can form root nuclei is affected by many factors. Fiber roots can be obtained under conditions of sufficient sunshine, good air permeability, and appropriate fertilizer and water conditions. The active layer formation activity is enhanced, and its lignification is inhibited, which is conducive to the root thickening and the formation of tuberous roots; on the contrary, excessive soil moisture, poor ventilation, or excessive nitrogen fertilizer is beneficial to the formation of fiber roots; In case of unfavorable conditions such as low soil moisture and poor ventilation, the swelling of the roots will be hindered and the roots of burdock will be formed. Therefore, in order to avoid such malformation growth, it is necessary to adopt scientific and rational methods in soil selection, fertilization, and irrigation.
First, although sweet potato is not strict with soil requirements, it is better to choose sandy loam and loam with loose topsoil, good drainage, rich organic matter, and deep soil. Too much sandy soil should be supplemented with organic fertilizers and clay to improve the soil. The clay soil with heavy soil has strong water retention but is not conducive to the formation and expansion of roots.
Second, according to the needs of sweet potato fertilizer requirements of reasonable fertilization, sweet potato life in the largest demand for potassium, followed by nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus at least. The demand for nitrogen fertilizer is mostly concentrated in the pre-roofing period. During the potato stage, no nitrogen fertilizer should be avoided. If the available nitrogen content in the soil is too high, the cells in the juvenile root column will be aged to form fiber roots, which will make it difficult to expand into tuberous roots. Therefore, we must pay attention to early diarrhea, heavy potassium later.
Third, we must strengthen water management. Some malformed potatoes are caused by improper soil moisture, and some sweet potato roots are cracked during the process of swelling, which is often caused by watering or raining after drought. Therefore, to maintain appropriate moisture during production, maintain 70%-80% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field during the branching and potato stage, and keep the 60%-70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field for the rest of the period so as to avoid cracked potatoes and “red bloodâ€. The emergence of more "shun" potato.
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