Understanding the food chain and the conversion pathway of livestock manure in fish ponds in fish ponds is the basis for rational utilization of livestock manure, reduction of production costs and improvement of fish production.
(1) Fish pond food chain network Each pond, when the outside water is introduced, also brings in some inorganic nutrients, organic debris, phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria, and other aquatic organisms. The nutrients on the soil surface of the fish pond are also continuously dissolved and released into the water. The introduced aquatic organisms become “seeds,†plus stocked fish, constituting two food chains in the fish pond; self-supporting food chains and heterotrophic food chains.
Self-supporting food chains: introduced phytoplankton and autotrophic bacteria, as well as some aquatic plants, use inorganic nutrients in water and sunlight for photosynthesis, and on the premise that inorganic salts are met, they continuously grow and multiply to become organic production. , thus forming the natural primary productivity of fish ponds. Zooplankton ingested phytoplankton, autotrophic bacteria, and some organic debris as a primary consumer. Some other aquatic animals and fishes also eat the above-mentioned phytoplankton, zooplankton, bacteria and organic debris, as well as aquatic plants according to their different feeding habits. This is an "autotrophic food chain" starting from phytoplankton and autotrophic bacteria.
Heterotrophic food chain: Start with heterotrophic bacteria. Organic debris, the remains of aquatic organisms that enter the pond with water, and living organisms that are resistant to bacteria provide a nutrient matrix for heterotrophic fish ponds. Heterotrophic bacteria break down these organic substances into inorganic substances, so heterotrophic bacteria are called reducers in the material cycle. Heterotrophic bacteria, in the process of decomposing organic matter, at the same time make themselves gain material energy and grow and multiply, which forms the productivity of heterotrophic bacteria themselves. As long as the aforementioned nutrient matrix can be satisfied, the productivity of heterotrophic bacteria will continue to form. After a large number of bacteria multiply, due to their special physiological effects, bacteria form many bacterial micelles (also known as agglomerates). Bacteria and their micelles become food for zooplankton and other aquatic animals. Fish eat these aquatic foods. animal. Due to the accumulation of a large number of bacteria in some of the bacterial micelles, the appearance of the bacteria increased, enabling some larger aquatic animals, including fish, to ingest food. This forms the so-called "heterotrophic food chain" starting from heterotrophic bacteria.
In the fish pond, the two food chains do not exist in isolation, but organically cross each other, interdependent, forming a network, the so-called food chain network. For example, inorganic salts produced by the decomposition of organics by heterotrophic bacteria provide the nutritional basis for the autotrophic food chain. Heterotrophs can also break down biodiesels in the autotrophic food chain.
The two food chains are interdependent. In this food web, farmed fish participate in the two food chains as consumers, and they are all in the last place. They need to ingest large quantities of former ring producers or lower-level consumers, and finally become the products of fishponds. Therefore, to obtain fish products, especially omnivorous fish, it is necessary to cultivate the producers and low-level consumers of the two food chain front ends, and make them continue to grow and reproduce to obtain a certain amount of production. This is what our fishermen said: “To raise a pool of fish, we must first raise a pool of water.†To enable the producers and consumers of the previous rings to grow in large numbers, they must first meet the first ring of the two food chains. The basic nutritional requirements are inorganic nutrients and organic debris. These two nutritional foundations, under normal circumstances, are simply beyond the reach of water diversion, the release of fish pond soil, and the excretion and excretion of fish-based aquatic organisms. This is far from satisfying. This will inevitably limit the growth and reproduction of each food organism in the two food chains. Filtered and omnivorous fish, which are mainly eaten with plankton, bacteria micelles and organic debris, must be starved or starved to death. We have experimented with introducing Wuxi’s eutrophic Lake Wuli water into fish ponds to filter omnivorous fish without any fertilizer for a period of 124 days. Although no fish disease has occurred, the survival rate is only 82.5% and the net yield is 94.5 kg/ha. The fish pond survival rate of livestock manure was 92%-98%, and the net yield was 1660.5-2564.5 kg/ha.
(1) Fish pond food chain network Each pond, when the outside water is introduced, also brings in some inorganic nutrients, organic debris, phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria, and other aquatic organisms. The nutrients on the soil surface of the fish pond are also continuously dissolved and released into the water. The introduced aquatic organisms become “seeds,†plus stocked fish, constituting two food chains in the fish pond; self-supporting food chains and heterotrophic food chains.
Self-supporting food chains: introduced phytoplankton and autotrophic bacteria, as well as some aquatic plants, use inorganic nutrients in water and sunlight for photosynthesis, and on the premise that inorganic salts are met, they continuously grow and multiply to become organic production. , thus forming the natural primary productivity of fish ponds. Zooplankton ingested phytoplankton, autotrophic bacteria, and some organic debris as a primary consumer. Some other aquatic animals and fishes also eat the above-mentioned phytoplankton, zooplankton, bacteria and organic debris, as well as aquatic plants according to their different feeding habits. This is an "autotrophic food chain" starting from phytoplankton and autotrophic bacteria.
Heterotrophic food chain: Start with heterotrophic bacteria. Organic debris, the remains of aquatic organisms that enter the pond with water, and living organisms that are resistant to bacteria provide a nutrient matrix for heterotrophic fish ponds. Heterotrophic bacteria break down these organic substances into inorganic substances, so heterotrophic bacteria are called reducers in the material cycle. Heterotrophic bacteria, in the process of decomposing organic matter, at the same time make themselves gain material energy and grow and multiply, which forms the productivity of heterotrophic bacteria themselves. As long as the aforementioned nutrient matrix can be satisfied, the productivity of heterotrophic bacteria will continue to form. After a large number of bacteria multiply, due to their special physiological effects, bacteria form many bacterial micelles (also known as agglomerates). Bacteria and their micelles become food for zooplankton and other aquatic animals. Fish eat these aquatic foods. animal. Due to the accumulation of a large number of bacteria in some of the bacterial micelles, the appearance of the bacteria increased, enabling some larger aquatic animals, including fish, to ingest food. This forms the so-called "heterotrophic food chain" starting from heterotrophic bacteria.
In the fish pond, the two food chains do not exist in isolation, but organically cross each other, interdependent, forming a network, the so-called food chain network. For example, inorganic salts produced by the decomposition of organics by heterotrophic bacteria provide the nutritional basis for the autotrophic food chain. Heterotrophs can also break down biodiesels in the autotrophic food chain.
The two food chains are interdependent. In this food web, farmed fish participate in the two food chains as consumers, and they are all in the last place. They need to ingest large quantities of former ring producers or lower-level consumers, and finally become the products of fishponds. Therefore, to obtain fish products, especially omnivorous fish, it is necessary to cultivate the producers and low-level consumers of the two food chain front ends, and make them continue to grow and reproduce to obtain a certain amount of production. This is what our fishermen said: “To raise a pool of fish, we must first raise a pool of water.†To enable the producers and consumers of the previous rings to grow in large numbers, they must first meet the first ring of the two food chains. The basic nutritional requirements are inorganic nutrients and organic debris. These two nutritional foundations, under normal circumstances, are simply beyond the reach of water diversion, the release of fish pond soil, and the excretion and excretion of fish-based aquatic organisms. This is far from satisfying. This will inevitably limit the growth and reproduction of each food organism in the two food chains. Filtered and omnivorous fish, which are mainly eaten with plankton, bacteria micelles and organic debris, must be starved or starved to death. We have experimented with introducing Wuxi’s eutrophic Lake Wuli water into fish ponds to filter omnivorous fish without any fertilizer for a period of 124 days. Although no fish disease has occurred, the survival rate is only 82.5% and the net yield is 94.5 kg/ha. The fish pond survival rate of livestock manure was 92%-98%, and the net yield was 1660.5-2564.5 kg/ha.
A seedbed or seedling bed is the local soil environment in which seeds are planted. Often it comprises not only the soil but also a specially prepared cold frame, hotbed or raised bed used to grow the seedlings in a controlled environment into larger young plants before transplanting them into a garden or field. A seedling bed is used to increase the number of seeds that germinate.
Greenhouse Seedling Bed,Stainless Greenhouse Seedling Bed,Greenhouse Seedling Nursery Bed
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