The culture of sea cucumber in sea cucumber is a new industry, which has great room for survival and development, and thus brings huge business opportunities for seed production. Many nursery manufacturers use artificial shrimp breeding of shrimp larvae in shrimp nursery ponds. However, due to the influence of many conditions, the yield has not been very stable, and it has brought certain influence on the culture of sea cucumber. According to the production practice in the past few years, we summarized the key techniques of artificial seedlings of sea cucumbers for reference.
I. Acquisition and stocking of pro-ginseng
1. Before and after the summer solstice, the pro-ginseng is basically mature. At this time, it is the best time for pro-acquisition and capture. The pro-ginseng should be selected to be larger, free from injuries, and full of gonads. During transport, care should be taken to avoid extrusion and prevent high temperatures. Transport in the morning or at night may be optional. After the return of the parent's return, it should be stored artificially. The temperature of the stored water should not be too high. Generally, it should be kept at 16°C～18°C. The cultivation density of ginseng should not exceed 30 heads per square meter. Each day, 4% of the parental weight is administered to the sclerotium or artificial compound feed. The time of stocking is appropriate for about 1 week. If the gonads with well-developed gonads are harvested and matured, they can be discharged in large quantities that evening.
Second, spawning and fertilization
At present, the method of artificial oxytocin production of sea cucumber is generally adopting dry heating and dry water stimulation, and the method of inducing spawning can take effect. The key is whether the development of gonads is mature. According to the natural spawning habits of sea cucumbers, spawning should be performed between 7 pm and 10 pm. It is found that frequent activities of the parents and movement along the pool wall will cause the males to discharge, and the staff on duty will immediately It is fished out and put into another pool. Females are also discharged soon. After the end of the parental discharge, remove the parental material. At this time, wash the egg several times until the water is clear.
Third, larval rearing
When the embryo develops to the young larvae, it is selected for breeding. With NX79 nylon mesh dragging or siphon breeding, the density of the culture pool is controlled at about 0.5/mL. The palatability of stichopus larvae includes salt algae, chaetoceros, and algae, etc. In addition, some substitute feeds, such as sargassum, may be used, and the combination of golden yellow algae and diatoms is better. Feeding should adhere to the principle of less investment and diligent investment. Do not feed too much at one time. Otherwise, the larvae of sea cucumber are easily indigestible. The feeding amount of unicellular algae was 10,000 cells/mL for small ear larvae, 15,000 cells/mL for middle ear larvae, 20,000 cells/mL for big ear larvae, and some algal algae could be used together with some surrogate baits such as rats. The algae dressing liquid is administrated at a daily dose of 10 ppm to 20 ppm (fresh weight), the fermented seaweed broth is administrated at a daily dose of 10 ppm to 14 ppm, and the edible raw clarifier is administrated at a daily dose of 6 ppm to 8 ppm (dry weight). In production, it is necessary to adjust the fullness of the stomach of the larvae of the stichopus by microscopic examination. Generally, there is 1/2 diet in the stomach area.
During the incubation of planktonic larvae, sea cucumbers are generally not to be poured into the pool, because every time the pool is poured, the larvae are damaged. The main reason is to change the water to improve the water quality. The water is changed twice a day and the water is changed 1/3 to 1/2 each time. In order to make the larvae evenly distributed, turn the pool water over and over on the plate every 1 hour. The incubation temperature of planktonic larvae ranges from 20°C to 25°C. Generally, the siphon tube is cleared once every 3 days to 4 days. To be completely clean, the residual baits, protozoa, and larvae of the pool should be removed. The cleared dirt must be poured into the vat. The floating larvae should be moved into the pool and cultured.
Fourth, the collection and cultivation of juvenile
When the larvae develop 20% to 30% of the larvae, the juvenile pluckers can be placed. Collectors generally use corrugated board frames or plastic baskets. Adhesive base should be soaked with 0.5 ‰ sodium hydroxide for 1 day to 2 days, then washed with water, washed, and put into bait pond to inoculate benthic diatoms. The amount of selenide attached to the bottom selenium directly affects the amount of attached seedlings, because juveniles take less food during this period. If there is not enough feed on the base, the metamorphosis rate and survival rate of juveniles will be greatly reduced. After 10 days to 20 days of culture, a layer of benthic diatoms adheres to the attachment base, which can then be put into use at a density of 80 tablets/m2 to 100/m2, with a 60-degree or 45-degree angle. So that it can accept bait when it is fed.
The density of juveniles collected should not be too large. The conditions for each nursery pond are generally 0.5 heads/cm to 1.0 heads/cm. The 2 year old juvenile ginseng is mainly fed benthic diatoms as the main bait. It can also feed some unicellular algae, and gradually increase the light intensity, so that the benthic diatoms on the attachment base can be propagated. With the growth of juveniles, new benthic diatoms and gristl milled liquid should be promptly added. When the juveniles are up to 2 mm long, they can be eaten as whole bait. 4 times, 20ppm to 30ppm each time.
Juveniles are cultivated using water-flow methods to improve water quality. Generally, water is run 4 to 6 times a day for 1 hour each time. The amount of water flowing per day is 2 to 3 times that of cultivating water, and water flow is increased at higher water temperatures. Note that the dissolved oxygen content in the stabilizing tank will be juvenile if less than 3.6 ppm, and the disease will occur in the participants. When less than 1.0 ppm, the juveniles will die in large numbers. As the feeding time is too long, the nursery should pay attention to do a good job at the end of the nursery pool and the inverted pool of the juveniles, and juveniles should be selected according to the situation, and out of the pool in order to facilitate the rapid growth of individual juvenile Senate.
V. Disease Prevention
Common diseases are copepods and ulceration. In addition to cockroach and juveniles can compete for bait and living space, the fierce water cockroach can also use advanced mouthparts to tear, prey to eat juveniles, if its large number of reproduction will reduce the number of parameters. Festering disease is mainly caused by larval injuries leading to bacterial infections.
Diseases should be prevented. Attachment bases should be strictly disinfected before use. Water quality should be kept fresh during cultivation. Coprinus should be promptly killed. The specific method is to apply 1 ppm to 2 ppm of crystal trichlorfon. Hours - 5 hours after a lot of water. In the culture tank, applying oxytetracycline 2 ppm to 3 ppm once every 3 days to 5 days can effectively prevent the spread of bacteria and reduce the incidence of ulcer disease.
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