Agrocybe aegerita, also known as Agrocybe aegerita, Populus edodes, is a famous rare and edible mushroom that has been successfully domesticated in the wild in recent years, and it is also a rising star of edible fungi in China. Due to its unique aroma, crisp taste, delicious taste and rich nutrition, it is rich in protein, anti-cancer polysaccharides, various minerals, trace elements and vitamins and has a high food value. At the same time, it is also a medicinal mushroom. Diuresis, diarrhea, antidiarrheal and other effects, regular consumption can play a physical health, detoxification anti-cancer effect, has been called "Mushroom".
Since it was put on the market, Agrocybe mirifica has been favored by consumers and has broad market prospects. At present, the agronomy mushrooms sold in Guangzhou are mostly fresh products, and most of them are imported from other places and are rarely cultivated locally. Through the strains provided by the Agricultural Research Institute of Baiyun District, Guangzhou, we started the cultivation experiment of Agrocybe aegerita in the fall of 2001 and achieved satisfactory results. Practice has proved that only by understanding the biological characteristics of Agrocybe aegerita, according to the climate characteristics of the region, and taking corresponding measures according to local conditions, Guangzhou can cultivate Agrocybe aegerita and obtain higher yields.
First, biological characteristics
1. Nutrition. Agrocybe aegerita is a wood rot fungus. According to studies, Agrocybe aegerita has no laccase activity, the ability to use lignin is weak, and the activity of protease is high. Therefore, this physiological characteristic of agrocybe aegerita should be met during artificial cultivation. Practice has proved that cottonseed husks, broadleaf woody bagasse, rice straw, etc. can all be used as cultivation materials, and the addition of a certain amount of wheat bran, corn meal, rice bran, soybean meal and other accessories can effectively increase production. In addition, unlike other edible fungi, Agrocybe aegerita needs higher nitrogen content.
2. Moisture and humidity. During the growth of the mycelium of Agrocybe aegerita, the suitable moisture content of the culture material is 65%-68%, and the relative humidity of the air is 60%-80%; during the formation and growth of the fruit body primordia, the relative humidity of the air is about 95% and 80%- 90%.
3. Temperature. The suitable temperature for the growth of mycelia is 20-27°C, and the optimum temperature is 23-26°C. When the temperature is too high, the mycelium grows slowly, easily aging and yellowing; the temperature is too low, the growth is slow, or even the growth stops, but it is resistant to low temperatures. Once the temperature rises, the mycelium will immediately resume growth. The suitable temperature for the growth and development of fruiting bodies is 16-28°C, and the optimum temperature is 20-24°C. A certain temperature difference is required during the development of fruiting bodies, which is favorable for the differentiation and differentiation of fruiting bodies.
4. pH. The Agrocybe agrocybe is suitable for growth in a slightly acidic environment. The pH can grow between 4-6.5, with 5-6 being the most suitable, and less than 4 or higher than 6.5. The mycelium grows slowly. When preparing nourishment, generally increase the pH by 0.5-1.
5. Air. Agrocybe aegerita is an aerobic fungus, which requires more oxygen in both the growth stage of the mycelium and the growth of the fruit body. If the ventilation is poor, oxygen is insufficient, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is too high, the mycelium growth will be slow, and the length of the fruiting body will be long. , Caps are small and easily contaminated.
6. Light. Agrocybe aegerita mycelia stage does not require light, the original base and fruiting body formation requires a certain amount of scattered light, light intensity is appropriate 200-300 lx, 2 hours a day can be. In the low light, the fruit body is gray in color, and the mushroom's legs become longer, with obvious light-tropism. As the light intensity increases, the color of the fruit body gradually deepens. However, strong light can also inhibit the growth of fruiting bodies.
Second, cultivation technology
1. Cultivation site. In addition to standard mushroom houses, idle glasshouses or greenhouses, brighter, well-ventilated, near-water vacancies, warehouses, basement air-raid shelters, etc., can all be used as a cultivation site for agrocybe. Since the mycelium phase of Agrocybe aegerita requires lower humidity and the fruiting body requires higher humidity, it is possible to separate the cultivation room and the mushroom room.
2. Cultivation season. Autumn cultivation refers to inoculation from mid-August to early October, and from the middle of October to April and May of the following year. It is generally based on the first batch of mushroom harvest date to predict 50-60 days as the inoculation period.
3. Preparation of cultivation materials. Because the ability of Agrocybe aegerita to use lignin is weak, and the ability to use protein is strong, the preparation of bag culture materials must be based on the physiological characteristics of Agrocybe aegerita, and reasonably match the culture materials required for Agrocybe growth. Mainly using a mixture of formula: 1 cottonseed hull 52%, 26% of wood chips, bran 20%, 1% sucrose, calcium carbonate 2%; 2 cottonseed hull 77%, 15% of mixed wood chips, corn flour 5%, sucrose 1%, Calcium carbonate 2%. Formulate cottonseed husks and mixed wood chips one evening ahead of schedule, add water and mix well, start stacking and pre-wet, mix in other culture materials the next day, fully wet and stack and ferment for 4-8 days, turn in the middle 2-3 times In order to make it fully fermented, with water content of 60% -65%, that is, when the finger tight grip when the water but not dripping, stretch the finger material can be a group, landing is scattered suitable. It is then bagged and sterilized. Normal pressure is maintained at 100°C for 12-14 hours.
4. Inoculation. The sterilized material bag is moved into the sterilized inoculation room and inoculated according to a conventional method. Generally, 30-40 bags of the bacteria material are connected per bottle of bacteria.
5. Embryogenic culture. The cultivation room shall be kept clean, ventilated, dry and shading, and the whole environment shall be completely sterilized and disinfested before the cultivation. During the whole mycelia stage, attention must be paid to changes in temperature, material temperature, and heap temperature, and timely adjustment shall be made to keep at 20 -27°C. With the growth of mycelium, breathing increases, the indoor temperature and the bag temperature will increase. Always open the door and open the window to ventilate and breathe. Turn over regularly to observe the growth and pollution of the mycelium, and adjust the position of the bacteria bag to make the bacteria up and down. The bag grows in balance and the contaminated bag must be removed in time. After 40-50 days of inoculation, the mycelium is filled with bacteria bags to complete the vegetative growth period.
6. Management of fruiting period. When the mycelium is filled with bacteria bags, the bacteria bags are flexible, and the mycelium secretes pigments to form yellow water beads on the surface of the material. The mycelia of the surface of the bacteria bags turn brown, indicating that the Agrocybe aegerita begins to enter the primordial differentiation stage. At this time, the bacteria bags will be moved into the mushroom house, and they can also be directly cultivated in the culture room. The bacteria bags can be directly discharged on the ground, and can also be discharged on the bed frame. The layers can be discharged, the cotton collar can be taken out, and the bacteria bags can be removed. Pull up, cover with film moisturizing, air humidity controlled at 85% -95%, temperature controlled at 18-25 °C, and create a certain temperature difference as much as possible, give scattered light, promptly use methods such as turning, tapping, vibration, stimulate the original Basal differentiation to the formation of mushroom buds. About 10 days after opening the bag, a large number of fruit bodies can be formed and harvested before the pellicle falls off. After each harvest, the mushroom farm should be cleaned immediately, removing the foot of the mushroom, old roots and dead buds, spraying water and spraying, increasing the number and time of ventilation, reducing the hyphal hygroscopicity of the surface of the bag, and controlling the water and bacteria. 7- 10 days, then proceed to the next batch of mushroom management.
7. Fruiting late management. After harvesting 2-3 batches of Agrocybe aegerita, from late December to mid-February, the temperature is lower and the Agrocybe aegerita grows slowly. In the absence of insulation facilities, the use of Agrocybe aegerita is resistant to low temperature, and the spraying is stopped. Water allows the hyphae to enter a dormant period and is kept warm when the temperature is too low to maintain the vitality of the bacteria and extend the fruiting period. To continue mushrooming management in the spring of the second year, 2-3 batches of mushrooms can be produced, increasing the yield by 20%-30%. (510450 Guangzhou Agricultural College)
Since it was put on the market, Agrocybe mirifica has been favored by consumers and has broad market prospects. At present, the agronomy mushrooms sold in Guangzhou are mostly fresh products, and most of them are imported from other places and are rarely cultivated locally. Through the strains provided by the Agricultural Research Institute of Baiyun District, Guangzhou, we started the cultivation experiment of Agrocybe aegerita in the fall of 2001 and achieved satisfactory results. Practice has proved that only by understanding the biological characteristics of Agrocybe aegerita, according to the climate characteristics of the region, and taking corresponding measures according to local conditions, Guangzhou can cultivate Agrocybe aegerita and obtain higher yields.
First, biological characteristics
1. Nutrition. Agrocybe aegerita is a wood rot fungus. According to studies, Agrocybe aegerita has no laccase activity, the ability to use lignin is weak, and the activity of protease is high. Therefore, this physiological characteristic of agrocybe aegerita should be met during artificial cultivation. Practice has proved that cottonseed husks, broadleaf woody bagasse, rice straw, etc. can all be used as cultivation materials, and the addition of a certain amount of wheat bran, corn meal, rice bran, soybean meal and other accessories can effectively increase production. In addition, unlike other edible fungi, Agrocybe aegerita needs higher nitrogen content.
2. Moisture and humidity. During the growth of the mycelium of Agrocybe aegerita, the suitable moisture content of the culture material is 65%-68%, and the relative humidity of the air is 60%-80%; during the formation and growth of the fruit body primordia, the relative humidity of the air is about 95% and 80%- 90%.
3. Temperature. The suitable temperature for the growth of mycelia is 20-27°C, and the optimum temperature is 23-26°C. When the temperature is too high, the mycelium grows slowly, easily aging and yellowing; the temperature is too low, the growth is slow, or even the growth stops, but it is resistant to low temperatures. Once the temperature rises, the mycelium will immediately resume growth. The suitable temperature for the growth and development of fruiting bodies is 16-28°C, and the optimum temperature is 20-24°C. A certain temperature difference is required during the development of fruiting bodies, which is favorable for the differentiation and differentiation of fruiting bodies.
4. pH. The Agrocybe agrocybe is suitable for growth in a slightly acidic environment. The pH can grow between 4-6.5, with 5-6 being the most suitable, and less than 4 or higher than 6.5. The mycelium grows slowly. When preparing nourishment, generally increase the pH by 0.5-1.
5. Air. Agrocybe aegerita is an aerobic fungus, which requires more oxygen in both the growth stage of the mycelium and the growth of the fruit body. If the ventilation is poor, oxygen is insufficient, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is too high, the mycelium growth will be slow, and the length of the fruiting body will be long. , Caps are small and easily contaminated.
6. Light. Agrocybe aegerita mycelia stage does not require light, the original base and fruiting body formation requires a certain amount of scattered light, light intensity is appropriate 200-300 lx, 2 hours a day can be. In the low light, the fruit body is gray in color, and the mushroom's legs become longer, with obvious light-tropism. As the light intensity increases, the color of the fruit body gradually deepens. However, strong light can also inhibit the growth of fruiting bodies.
Second, cultivation technology
1. Cultivation site. In addition to standard mushroom houses, idle glasshouses or greenhouses, brighter, well-ventilated, near-water vacancies, warehouses, basement air-raid shelters, etc., can all be used as a cultivation site for agrocybe. Since the mycelium phase of Agrocybe aegerita requires lower humidity and the fruiting body requires higher humidity, it is possible to separate the cultivation room and the mushroom room.
2. Cultivation season. Autumn cultivation refers to inoculation from mid-August to early October, and from the middle of October to April and May of the following year. It is generally based on the first batch of mushroom harvest date to predict 50-60 days as the inoculation period.
3. Preparation of cultivation materials. Because the ability of Agrocybe aegerita to use lignin is weak, and the ability to use protein is strong, the preparation of bag culture materials must be based on the physiological characteristics of Agrocybe aegerita, and reasonably match the culture materials required for Agrocybe growth. Mainly using a mixture of formula: 1 cottonseed hull 52%, 26% of wood chips, bran 20%, 1% sucrose, calcium carbonate 2%; 2 cottonseed hull 77%, 15% of mixed wood chips, corn flour 5%, sucrose 1%, Calcium carbonate 2%. Formulate cottonseed husks and mixed wood chips one evening ahead of schedule, add water and mix well, start stacking and pre-wet, mix in other culture materials the next day, fully wet and stack and ferment for 4-8 days, turn in the middle 2-3 times In order to make it fully fermented, with water content of 60% -65%, that is, when the finger tight grip when the water but not dripping, stretch the finger material can be a group, landing is scattered suitable. It is then bagged and sterilized. Normal pressure is maintained at 100°C for 12-14 hours.
4. Inoculation. The sterilized material bag is moved into the sterilized inoculation room and inoculated according to a conventional method. Generally, 30-40 bags of the bacteria material are connected per bottle of bacteria.
5. Embryogenic culture. The cultivation room shall be kept clean, ventilated, dry and shading, and the whole environment shall be completely sterilized and disinfested before the cultivation. During the whole mycelia stage, attention must be paid to changes in temperature, material temperature, and heap temperature, and timely adjustment shall be made to keep at 20 -27°C. With the growth of mycelium, breathing increases, the indoor temperature and the bag temperature will increase. Always open the door and open the window to ventilate and breathe. Turn over regularly to observe the growth and pollution of the mycelium, and adjust the position of the bacteria bag to make the bacteria up and down. The bag grows in balance and the contaminated bag must be removed in time. After 40-50 days of inoculation, the mycelium is filled with bacteria bags to complete the vegetative growth period.
6. Management of fruiting period. When the mycelium is filled with bacteria bags, the bacteria bags are flexible, and the mycelium secretes pigments to form yellow water beads on the surface of the material. The mycelia of the surface of the bacteria bags turn brown, indicating that the Agrocybe aegerita begins to enter the primordial differentiation stage. At this time, the bacteria bags will be moved into the mushroom house, and they can also be directly cultivated in the culture room. The bacteria bags can be directly discharged on the ground, and can also be discharged on the bed frame. The layers can be discharged, the cotton collar can be taken out, and the bacteria bags can be removed. Pull up, cover with film moisturizing, air humidity controlled at 85% -95%, temperature controlled at 18-25 °C, and create a certain temperature difference as much as possible, give scattered light, promptly use methods such as turning, tapping, vibration, stimulate the original Basal differentiation to the formation of mushroom buds. About 10 days after opening the bag, a large number of fruit bodies can be formed and harvested before the pellicle falls off. After each harvest, the mushroom farm should be cleaned immediately, removing the foot of the mushroom, old roots and dead buds, spraying water and spraying, increasing the number and time of ventilation, reducing the hyphal hygroscopicity of the surface of the bag, and controlling the water and bacteria. 7- 10 days, then proceed to the next batch of mushroom management.
7. Fruiting late management. After harvesting 2-3 batches of Agrocybe aegerita, from late December to mid-February, the temperature is lower and the Agrocybe aegerita grows slowly. In the absence of insulation facilities, the use of Agrocybe aegerita is resistant to low temperature, and the spraying is stopped. Water allows the hyphae to enter a dormant period and is kept warm when the temperature is too low to maintain the vitality of the bacteria and extend the fruiting period. To continue mushrooming management in the spring of the second year, 2-3 batches of mushrooms can be produced, increasing the yield by 20%-30%. (510450 Guangzhou Agricultural College)
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