July to September is a critical period for fish feeding and fish production. Therefore, it's essential to enhance feeding management. The main strategies include:
First, feed properly. The primary feed should be concentrated, with green materials as a supplement. Concentrated feeds include full-grain fish pellets, bean cakes, wheat bran, rice bran, and similar products. The daily feeding amount should be 8% to 10% of the pond's fish weight. To improve feed utilization, feed at least four times a day. The feed must be fresh, free from mold or rot, and suitable in size for the fish. Concentrated feed should be placed in designated feeding areas, while green materials can be placed in floating frames. During summer, when water temperatures are high and weather is unpredictable, it's advisable to feed more in the morning and noon, less in the evening, and avoid feeding at night to prevent fish from floating.
Second, fertilize reasonably. To promote the growth and reproduction of natural food organisms in fish ponds and boost overall productivity, fertilization is crucial during summer. Due to high temperatures and rapid water quality changes, fertilization should follow the principle of small amounts applied frequently—once every 5 to 7 days. Main fertilizers include inorganic fertilizers and photosynthetic bacteria, with organic fertilizer as a supplement. Apply 2–4 kg of nitrogen and phosphorus per acre each time, or 10 mg/kg of photosynthetic bacteria, along with 50–60 kg of fully fermented pig or chicken manure. If the pond’s transparency is too high and the weather is good, you may apply more. However, if the pond is muddy or the weather is bad, stop fertilizing and change the water promptly.
Third, manage water quality. High summer temperatures increase fish food intake and waste, and excessive feeding and fertilization can lead to low oxygen levels, affecting fish growth. Measures include increasing the pond depth to at least 2 meters and regularly adding fresh water to boost dissolved oxygen. Apply lime every 7–10 days at 15–20 kg per acre to clarify water, prevent aging, and increase calcium levels. Additionally, use aerators to agitate and oxygenate the water, adjusting their usage based on actual conditions.
Fourth, prevent fish from floating. Patrol the pond three times a day—early morning to check for floating fish, midday to observe feeding and activity, and late afternoon to assess food consumption and signs of floating. Remove leftover plants, dirt, and weeds regularly to prevent water pollution and maintain oxygen levels. High temperatures, heavy feeding, and increased organic matter can cause oxygen depletion, especially during hot nights or thunderstorms. In such cases, add new water or activate aerators immediately, and reduce feeding and fertilization. If severe floating occurs, stop feeding and start oxygenation. You can also add yellow mud water mixed with salt (10 kg of yellow mud water and 10 kg of salt per acre) to help restore balance.
Fifth, harvest selectively. To reduce fish density, sell large fish like silver carp over 1 kg and grass carp over 1.5 kg in mid-to-late July. Also, introduce 0.1–0.2 kg of carp species, about 150–200 fish per acre, for next year’s stock. By late August to early September, catch fish that meet market standards. Fish during cooler mornings to maximize efficiency and reduce overcrowding, allowing better use of feed and improving overall productivity.
Sixth, implement comprehensive disease prevention. Summer is peak season for both fish growth and disease outbreaks, including hemorrhagic septicemia, enteritis, gill disease, and others. Regular disinfection of feed, tools, and water is essential. Disinfect feeding areas twice a month using 0.5 mg/kg of strong chlorine extract, and soak equipment in 3% saline solution every 20 days for five days. These steps help maintain a healthy environment and reduce disease risks.
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