Winter is the coldest season of the year, and the harsh weather conditions bring significant challenges to the operation of agricultural machinery. It's also a time when agricultural accidents are more likely to occur. Therefore, it's crucial for operators and drivers to be extra cautious and attentive when using farm equipment to prevent accidents and ensure safety.
One important consideration during winter is the type of diesel fuel used. Diesel fuel comes in different grades—10, 0, -10, -20, and -35—each indicating its lowest freezing point. For example, -10 diesel has a freezing point of -10°C. To avoid fuel gelling, the diesel grade should be at least 5°C lower than the local minimum temperature. If the temperature drops to -5°C, -10 diesel would be suitable. In addition, engine oil viscosity increases in cold weather, making it harder to start and lubricate the engine. So, it's recommended to switch from summer-grade 11 oil to winter-grade 8 oil. Gearbox and rear axle lubricants should also be changed to 11-grade diesel engine oil, while gear oils should be replaced with 30 or 20-grade oil for better performance.
Before starting the engine, it's essential to preheat the machine properly. Begin by filling the radiator with water below 90°C, wait a moment, then gradually add hotter water until the temperature reaches around 30°C. Only after this process can you add water above 90°C to start the engine. Avoid adding boiling water initially, as sudden temperature changes could crack the engine block. While warming up, the oil in the sump should also be warmed using charcoal and diluted before being added back. Gently turn the crankshaft or manually rotate the flywheel to help the oil pump circulate before starting. Failing to warm up the engine can lead to poor lubrication, increased wear, and difficulty in starting.
After starting, let the engine idle for a few minutes. Cover the radiator with an insulating curtain to help raise the water temperature above 40°C and ensure normal oil pressure before beginning work. Drive at a low speed to allow the transmission and rear axle oil to warm up before applying any load.
During winter, snow-covered roads reduce tire traction, increasing the risk of skidding. Drivers should slow down and avoid sudden braking to prevent loss of control. If a skid occurs, gently steer in the direction of the slide and gradually correct it. When climbing hills, use an appropriate gear and avoid shifting mid-climb. On downhill slopes, maintain a steady speed, as going too slowly can cause the trailer to push the tractor, leading to rollover risks.
In winter, many farm implements are not in use. Proper storage and maintenance are essential for their longevity. First, protect metal parts from rust. Most agricultural machines have iron components that can corrode if left untreated. Remove, clean, and paint these parts with anti-rust paint before storing them in a dry, well-ventilated area.
Wooden parts are also vulnerable to mold and decay. Clean and dry them thoroughly before applying tung oil and storing them in a dry, ventilated space. Rubber components, such as belts and hoses, can age and crack if exposed to moisture or oil. These should be removed, hung in a dry place, or stored properly. When parking tractors for long periods, lift the front and rear axles with jacks or bricks to relieve tire pressure and maintain proper inflation.
Lastly, electric motors used in agricultural equipment should be stored in a dry, clean, and well-ventilated warehouse. Avoid storing them near fertilizers or pesticides, or in damp areas, as moisture can damage internal insulation, leading to short circuits, grounding issues, or even motor failure.
Proper care and preparation during winter can significantly extend the life of your agricultural machinery and ensure safe and efficient operation throughout the season.
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