According to the survey data from Yichang City, combined with historical and meteorological information, it is estimated that citrus anthracnose will occur at a moderate level this year, affecting approximately 590,000 mu of orange plantations. Among these areas, some regions are more vulnerable than others due to specific environmental and agricultural conditions.
(a) The bacterial population is currently high. A survey conducted by Yidu Station on April 2nd revealed a disease incidence rate of 6.8% and a diseased leaf rate of 12.3%, which represents a 24% increase compared to the previous year. In Changyang County, the same date showed a branch infection rate of 21% and a leaf infection rate of 7.7%, up by 40% year-on-year. Dangyang City's survey on April 5th reported a disease rate of 20% and a leaf infection rate of 6.4%, an increase of 60%. Meanwhile, Zhugui County’s survey on April 15th found a disease rate of 16% and a leaf infection rate of 8%, which was 5.2% higher than the previous year. This indicates a significant presence of the pathogen in the region.
(b) Many citrus trees are in poor health and have reduced resistance. Due to prolonged low temperatures in January, many trees were weakened, leading to excessive litter accumulation, increased mechanical injuries, and a lower ability to resist diseases, making them more susceptible to infections.
(c) Weather conditions are favorable for the spread of the disease. During mid to late April, there were frequent short rain events, increasing the number of rainy days. Throughout the flood season (May to September), rainfall levels are slightly above average, with a tendency toward more severe flooding rather than drought.
To effectively manage citrus anthracnose, the control strategy should focus on agricultural practices, supported by integrated chemical interventions.
(I) Enhance orchard management by focusing on deep plowing, soil improvement, and ditch maintenance to lower water levels. Avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizer use and instead apply more phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients to improve tree health.
(b) Maintain orchard hygiene by pruning and removing diseased branches, burning them to prevent spread. Clear fallen leaves and fruits to reduce disease sources. Control pests such as aphids, mealybugs, and leaf miners to prevent bacterial entry.
(c) Apply chemical treatments during the flowering stage, specifically after 2/3 of the flowers have opened, and protect new spring, summer, and autumn shoots. Recommended treatments include 80% Dasheng M45 wettable powder diluted 600–800 times, combined with 5% Nisolut at 2000 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder mixed at 1000–1500 times with 1.8% abamectin at 4000 times. These combinations help control both the disease and red spider infestations.
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