A recent study by Zui reveals that women who have experienced severe migraines are at least 30% less likely to develop breast cancer compared to those without such a history. With the rising prevalence of migraine cases, researchers emphasize that this data does not rule out the possibility that headaches could be caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen, rather than migraines themselves. This distinction is critical and warrants further investigation.
Christopher Lee, one of the authors of the study and a cancer epidemiologist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, suggests that the reduced risk might stem from migraine treatment rather than the condition itself. "We are cautious about this outcome," he said. If the effects of painkillers are excluded, he speculates that lower hormone levels could be responsible for both migraines and the decreased cancer incidence.
The study highlights that migraines often occur during menstruation, when estrogen levels drop, and are less common during pregnancy, when estrogen is high. Since breast cancer is closely linked to estrogen levels throughout a woman's life, this connection raises intriguing questions.
Andrew Charles, a neurologist at UCLA who leads the headache research program but was not involved in the study, noted that the relationship between migraines and hormones is complex. He also mentioned that genetic factors might play a role in both migraines and cancer susceptibility. "I think there are other possibilities," he said.
Li, another researcher, pointed out that this is the first large-scale study examining the link between migraines and breast cancer. However, he also noted that NSAIDs used to treat migraines may contribute to a lower cancer risk, as previous studies have shown similar patterns.
Another possible explanation is that women with migraines may visit doctors more frequently, leading to earlier detection of breast cancer. But Lee pointed out that increased medical visits could result in more mammograms, which might explain some of the findings. “A big part of what we see is these images, and it’s hard not to believe it,†he said.
Lee and his team at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the University of Washington studied 2,000 postmenopausal breast cancer patients and 1,500 without the disease. They found that women with a history of migraines had a 30% lower risk of developing breast cancer. The results were published in the journal *Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention*. However, the study did not collect detailed information on the specific medications used to treat migraines.
On the American Science Network, Lee emphasized that future research is essential to better understand the potential link between estrogen and breast cancer. He hopes this will lead to new strategies for reducing cancer incidence, beyond the use of contraceptives.
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