Persimmon tree cultivation involves several key steps to ensure healthy growth and high yield. First, selecting the right location is crucial. A sheltered area with deep, loose soil and a low water table is ideal for establishing a persimmon orchard. The terrain should be leveled, and terraces or fish-scale pits can be constructed depending on the slope. For spacing, plants are typically placed 6 meters apart in one direction and 5.5 meters in the other, resulting in about 20 trees per acre or 50 trees if planted more closely. Each planting hole should be 1 meter wide at the top, 0.8 meters at the base, and 0.6 meters deep. After allowing the holes to weather, weeds should be removed and the topsoil filled up to 80% of the hole’s depth. Organic fertilizer should be added as a base, followed by a 20 cm high mound. It's also recommended to add 1 to 1.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate per hole to support initial growth.
The best time to plant persimmon trees is after they have shed their leaves in autumn and before new growth begins in spring—ideally before mid-February, avoiding the rain season.
Once established, proper orchard management is essential. Soil enrichment is critical, especially for deep-rooted trees. In winter, expand the soil around the roots by digging holes 1 to 1.5 meters long, 0.4 meters wide, and 0.4 to 0.5 meters deep. Fill these with organic matter such as 100–150 kg of compost, 50 kg of pig or cow manure, 100–150 kg of mushroom soil, or 1–1.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate. Mix this with topsoil and fill the bottom layer, then cover with regular soil. Another method is deep soil cultivation, where organic fertilizer is spread under the canopy and incorporated into the root zone by digging 20 cm deep. For high-yield trees, apply 6.5 kg of nitrogen, 2.5 kg of phosphate, and 0.6 kg of potash per acre.
Pruning is another important task. Adult trees with tall crowns or overlapping branches should be pruned in late winter after leaf fall. Use short cuts to remove dense, crossing, leggy, or diseased branches, helping to shape the tree properly and promote better light penetration and air circulation.
Winter maintenance includes removing diseased fruit, dead twigs, and fallen leaves to reduce disease and pest risks. Before leaves fall in winter and before new growth in spring, spray 95% oil emulsion (Fuling) diluted 150 times or 5-degree lime sulfur to control scale insects and prevent infestations. These practices ensure the health and productivity of your persimmon trees year after year.
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