**Planting Technology of Northern Sea Cucumber (Adenophora stricta)**
Also known as Coral Vegetables, Vegetable Yang Adenophora, Liao Sha, and Ginseng.
**Common Genus**: This plant belongs to the genus *Adenophora*, commonly referred to as coral plants.
**Overview**: North Adenophora is a widely used herb in traditional Chinese medicine. It has properties such as moistening the lungs, relieving coughs, nourishing the stomach, and promoting fluid production. It is mainly cultivated in provinces like Liaoning, Shandong, and Hebei.
**Appearance**: A perennial herb, growing up to 30 cm tall. The main root is slender, with a park-like shape, reaching up to 40 cm in length. The flesh is dense and firm, with a yellowish-white skin. The stems are upright, unbranched, and mostly buried in sandy soil. Some parts may be exposed. The leaves are simple, with long petioles, red-purple in color, and 2-3 in number. They are pinnate or split, obovate in shape, green on top, glossy, hairless, and have a hairy back. The edges are serrated. The flowers form complex umbels, are small, white, and covered in fine hairs. The fruit is double, obovate or elliptical, with brown spiny hairs. Flowering occurs from May to June.
**Growing Conditions**: Thrives in sunny, warm, and humid environments. It is cold-tolerant, drought-resistant, and salt-tolerant but does not tolerate high temperatures. The soil should be deep, loose, fertile, and well-drained sandy loam. Avoid clay or waterlogged soils. Avoid continuous cropping. Seeds germinate best under low temperature conditions, and their viability decreases rapidly after one year. Fresh seeds are recommended for planting.
**Breeding Methods**:
1. **Seed Selection**: Choose healthy, non-flowering plants aged 1-2 years. Harvest seeds when fruits turn yellow-brown.
2. **Seed Treatment**: For autumn sowing, use fresh seeds. For spring sowing, stratify seeds by mixing with river sand before winter. Keep the mixture moist during the process.
**Planting Techniques**:
1. **Site Preparation**: Select deep, loose, and well-drained sandy soil. Dig to a depth of about 40 cm, add fertilizer, and prepare the bed to 1.3 meters wide.
2. **Sowing**: Autumn sowing is done between August and September; spring sowing begins when the soil thaws. Plant seeds in furrows 3-5 cm deep, spaced 20 cm apart. Cover with 2-3 cm of soil and keep it moist.
**Field Management**:
1. **Watering and Weeding**: Keep the soil moist after sowing. Thin seedlings to 3 cm spacing to avoid overcrowding or weak growth.
2. **Weeding**: Remove weeds regularly to prevent competition and maintain soil aeration.
3. **Fertilization**: Apply diluted manure after seedlings emerge, then again later to promote growth. In July, apply superphosphate and organic fertilizers to support root development.
4. **Bud Removal**: Remove excess buds to concentrate nutrients on root growth.
**Pests and Diseases**:
1. **Rust**: Appears in August-September, causing yellow spots on leaves. Control with fungicides like triadimefon or benomyl.
2. **Root Rot**: Starts with yellow spots on roots. Prevent through crop rotation, soil disinfection, and proper drainage.
3. **Diamondback Moth**: Larvae damage roots and stems. Spray insecticides like trichlorfon during early stages.
**Harvest and Processing**:
1. Harvest after one year of growth. Excavate roots when leaves begin to yellow. Wash, blanch in boiling water for 10 seconds, cool, and dry.
2. Proper drying ensures quality: roots should be dry, slender, tight, and white.
**Yield and Quality**:
- Average yield: 750 kg per mu of fresh roots, with a drying rate of about 30%.
- High-quality roots are dry, slender, firm, and white in color.
This detailed guide provides essential knowledge for cultivating and harvesting northern sea cucumber, ensuring optimal growth and medicinal value.
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