First, nursery garden
The branches of nursery grapes are very easy to take root, and seedlings are generally used to cultivate seedlings. Lamination is also applied when accelerating nursery stock propagation or vineyard replenishment.
Cut and use hardwood cuttings. In combination with winter pruning, choose a year-round branch that grows robustly, fully matured, and full of buds for storage. The cuttings usually have 2-3 sections, and the upper end is cut at 2 cm from the bud, and the lower end is close to the section, which is conducive to rooting. Before the cutting, you can use the hotbed to sow the roots first, then wait until the root base is exposed before cutting; or insert the lower end of the cuttings with a one-hundred-hundred-hundredth (100ppm) naphthaleneacetic acid solution for 12-24 hours, and then insert and insert to increase the rooting of the cuttings. Rate and seedling rate. The suitable temperature for the cuttings of the grapes is 25 degrees to 28 degrees, so it is not necessary to prematurely cut the spring into the cuttings. It is generally cut in spring when the temperature rises by 15 degrees to 20 degrees. The mulching of seedlings should be advanced.
Second, build the park
When planning and designing vineyards, it is appropriate to plant seedlings in the Yangtze and Huaihe River basin. After autumn planting, cut 2-3 knots on the ground and then cover the soil for winter. Plant spacing varies depending on shelf type and breed growth potential. Shelving cultivation ranges from 120-160 per acre.
Third, shaping pruning
(a) rack type
Shelving-style grapes have good ventilation and light transmission, and the occurrence of diseases is lighter. They are particularly suitable for rainy and humid areas in the south, and they are also used for growing strong varieties. The height of the shed is generally 1.6 - 2 meters. The pillars are erected every 4 meters. The upper end is flush, the poles are erected on top of the poles, and the 8th or 12th wire is pulled vertically and horizontally to form a grid-like shed. The eye is 40 cm. about. The grapes are planted on the side or the center of the shed. The vines spread evenly to the other side of the rack or to the surrounding area.
(b) Plastic surgery
The grapes grown on scaffolds are generally shaped by dragon dry shaping or X-shaped plastic. Long stems are the main vines. Each vine has two or three main vines after being placed on the shed. The vines are tied to one side in parallel. The main vines are separated by about 50 centimeters. Between 20 to 30 centimeters between branches, the result is that the female vines are generally trimmed with short shoots. The X-shaped reshaping method is a kind of tree adopted by the plant in the center of the shed. When the main branch is vertically upwards, when it spreads on the shed, it spreads all around, occupying the shed, showing an X-shape. In plastic surgery, we must pay attention to balancing the growth of the main vines in order to achieve a balanced result.
(c) Trim
Grapes should be cut as early as possible after defoliation in order to facilitate the healing of the wound and avoid freezing or bleeding of the shoots. During the sapling reshaping, all kinds of vines should be short-cut every winter. Stout annual branches are used as the main vine extension branch, with a cut of 50-100 cm. Too long put is not conducive to the cultivation of its upper branches. The remaining weaker branches were wiped out by those who had no use, and the remaining 2-3 buds needed to be continued to be cultivated were short-cut, so that the following year, the shoots were prosperous and easy to leave. For the results of female vines, usually divided into short shoots (left 2-4 section short cut), in the tip of the pruning (left 5-7 section) and long tip pruning (remaining 8-15 section) several, according to the variety of Different growth potential. The general results of the low incidence of shoots, the weak growth of the species used more short-tap pruning, or mixed pruning. The results showed that the high incidence of shoots, strong growth potential varieties, mostly using medium and long shoots mixed pruning or pruning.
After completing the plastic requirements, the main task of winter pruning is to select the results of the vines, and the renewal of the branches and the main vines. When the female vines are pruned with short shoots, new branches near the main vine should be selected as far as possible so that the resulting parts do not move outwards too quickly. When using medium and long tips for pruning, it is recommended to use the double branch regeneration method to trim. In other words, one bud is selected under the veil of the selected result, and 2 buds are cut short to serve as a cranberry. In the second year of winter shearing, the shoots that have been plucked are cut off from the top of the vine. The preparation of vines becomes a new result. When the number of maturing per unit area of ​​crops per year is relatively constant, the yield remains relatively stable. Do not make major adjustments.
As the results of the vines on the grape branches increased year after year, the strength of the knot gradually decreased. At this time, the trimming shoots at the base of the shoots can be used to perform an updated trimming so that the resulting parts can be returned to a position closer to the main vine. When the main vine prolongs the elongation of the branches and the growth is weak, or there is no extension, and there are mature mature vines on the rear twigs, the heads can be shrunk and cut in time, and the well-grown vines can be replaced and replaced with new ones. New branches.
Generally, when the perennial male growth result is 8 to 12 years later, it gradually becomes old and the buds cannot develop a large amount of hair. Therefore, a large update is required. Before the big update, we should actively select and maintain the sprouts from the near ground surface, or the new shoots from the base of the primordial vine, making it a robust new vine and occupying a certain shelf. When the new shoots can gradually replace the old vines, the old vines can be removed. Grape buds have a long life and are easier to update.
In addition to winter pruning, the summer pruning of the grapes is also important. Including the spring in addition to germination shoots, new tips topping and axillary processing, as well as axillary spikes, tendrils and so on. The topping of the new shoots is generally performed before flowering to improve the fruiting rate; the fruit with too many fruits can be picked up after flowering. Leaves 4 to 6 leaves above inflorescence. The topping of the fruitless shoots generally leaves 10-15 leaves. After the new shoots were picked up, a large number of shoots sprouted in the summer shoots, except for the apex. One remained, and the rest erased or left one leaf. For the tip of the tip of the growth of the top must be repeatedly topping, to control growth. At the same time as the tendrils are removed, the new shoots must be attached.
Using the long growth period of grape, some varieties of shoots or winter buds are easy to form the characteristics of inflorescence primordium, and Jufeng and other varieties can achieve multiple results in a year. For example, in the first 15-20 days before flowering, shoots are picked on the main buds of the summer buds that have not yet sprouted, and all shoots of the summer shoots that have germinated are removed, so that the nutrients are concentrated on the top and germinated at the tips. Auxiliary shoot often get better secondary fruit. In addition, after picking the main tip, Xie spent 3-4 weeks to remove the tip of the tip, forcing the tip to germinate 1-2 winter buds, then obtaining secondary fruit on the second shoot of winter bud.
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