Agaricus bisporus cultivation technology


The characteristics of Agaricus bisporus

The Agaricus bisporus (commonly known as Round Mushroom and Oceanic Mushroom) is a kind of grass rot fungus and medium-low temperature mushroom. China has rich straw and wheat straw and the climate is suitable for the growth of Agaricus bisporus. It has great potential for development.
Nourishment: Agaricus bisporus is a kind of saprophytic bacteria and cannot be used for photosynthesis. When adding ingredients, appropriate amounts of farmyard manure (such as cattle, sheep, horses, pigs, chickens, human waste, etc.) are added to the crop straw (straw, straw). Also need to add appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur and other inorganic nutrients. A reasonable formula is an important basic condition for achieving high yields.
Temperature: The growth temperature of mycelia of Agaricus blazei is in the range of 4°C-32°C, the optimum temperature is 22°C-25°C; the growth temperature range of fruiting bodies is 5°C-25°C, and the optimum temperature is 14°C-18°C.
Humidity: The moisture content of the culture material should be about 60%, and the moisture content of the cover soil should be 16%-20%. Mycelium growth phase relative air temperature of 60% -70%, fruiting body growth phase of 85% -95%, too dry or too wet on the mycelium growth are unfavorable.
pH (PH): Agaricus bisporus should be alkaline, and it is unfavorable to the growth of mycelium and fruit bodies, and it is easy to produce bacteria. The PH value of mycelial growth range is 5-8, the most suitable 7-8. The PH value of the culture material before entering the shed should be adjusted to 7.5-8, and the PH value of soil particles should be 8-8.5. A little lime is added for each harvest of a mushroom spray, in order to maintain the PH value and inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria.
Air: Agaricus bisporus is an aerobic fungus, so it must be well ventilated.
Illumination: The mycelia and fruit bodies of Agaricus bisporus do not require light, but they can still grow under the condition of general scattered light, but they cannot be irradiated with strong light. The fruiting body grows white and hypertrophy in a dark environment. If the light is too strong, the grown fruit body is hardened, and there are many malformed mushrooms. The value of the product is poor.

The fresh mushrooms are best for fresh food and should not be kept for a long time. When scaled, they can be made canned and exchanged for export. Large-scale development of Agaricus bisporus must consider deep-processing problems. Otherwise, product backlog will deteriorate and cause losses.

Value and benefits

The Agaricus bisporus has high nutritional value and medicinal effect. The protein content of fresh mushrooms is 35% to 38%, and the nutritional value is 4 to 12 times that of vegetables and fruits. It enjoys the reputation of “health food” and “king of prime”. Deeply favored by the domestic market, especially the international market.

Linquan County of Anhui Province uses straw and cow dung as a culture material to achieve significant benefits in the large-scale development of the double mushroom production. The first type of mushroom shed for farmers usually invests around 40 yuan per square meter, and the second year invests around 15 yuan per square meter. The production of fresh mushrooms 10-15 kg, the purchase price of 6-8 yuan per kilogram.

Preparation of cow dung

The cow dung used for the cultivation of the mushroom is preferably dried cow dung. When the cow building is built, the dung is left behind on the wall surface. The place where the dung is piled is made of concrete floor. The slope is outward and the ditch is opened on the outside to clean the cowshed. The time is the initial separation of cow dung and cow urine, cow dung is piled, and cow urine flows to the digester. After the cow dung is drained, it is promptly pulled to the drying place for drying. There is no special facility requirement for the tanned farm. It is sufficient to ventilate the sunny area. According to the size of the site, the wet cow dung is spread out, the thickness is appropriate, it is allowed to dry naturally, and it is dried into a cow dung cake. Remember: Do not flip when drying, the more difficult to dry more dry, even if the last drying is not easy to store powder.

After the cow dung is dried, it can be stored in a woven bag for storage. It can be stored indoors to prevent mildew.

The drying of cow dung is not profound knowledge. According to local conditions, depending on the season, the drying method can be used flexibly. In the final analysis, cow dung is dried into a cake for storage.

General operation process

First, build a mushroom shed.

1, simple shed type:
Description: Experimental planting, 100-200 square meters, investment of 3,000 yuan.
The first step is to use the simple shed that used to grow vegetables. Instead of setting up a scaffold, it is directly cultivated on the ground.
Step 2: Prepare cow dung and straw. Prepare materials in August. Compost high temperature. One-time stock preparation is successful. Do not use secondary fermentation.
The third step: direct purchase of cultivated bacteria, in early September according to the appropriate temperature, timely sowing.

2, plastic greenhouse type:
Description: Experimental planting, about 500 square meters, investment of 20,000 yuan.
The first step is to use plastic greenhouses for planting vegetables and set up scaffoldings, each with a height of 60 cents.
The second step is to prepare cow dung and straw. Prepare materials in August and compost at high temperature. Use secondary fermentation technology.
The third step: direct purchase of cultivated bacteria, in early September according to the appropriate temperature, timely sowing.

3, the transformation of old houses:
Description: Experimental planting, according to the height of the building to set up scaffolding, according to the planting area to calculate the amount of investment, generally about 30 yuan per square.
The first step is to use scaffolds, used farmhouses, abandoned sweet potatoes, and abandoned air-raid shelters to set up scaffolds based on actual conditions. Each floor is 60 points high.
The second step is to prepare cow dung and straw. Prepare materials in August and compost at high temperature. Use secondary fermentation technology.
The third step: direct purchase of cultivated bacteria, in accordance with the appropriate temperature in September, timely sowing.

4, standard mushroom shed type:
Explanation: The construction of a framed greenhouse or a house-style mushroom shed is a standardized and scale model.
The first step: hire technicians, design production plans and management plans.
The second step is to prepare cow dung and straw, prepare materials in August, compost at high temperature, and implement secondary fermentation technology.
The third step: The technicians produce their own cultivars. In September, according to the appropriate temperature, timely sowing.

5, enterprise production mode:
Explanation: Projects that are either well-funded or invested by the state can be planted throughout the year regardless of season.
The first step: hire technicians, design production plans and management plans.
The second step: prepare cow dung, straw, and mechanized stocking.
The third step is to standardize the production of strains and adopt temperature control methods throughout the year.

Second, the formula and composition of culture materials

1,100 square meters of mushroom preparation recipe standards About the mushroom formula, we are exposed to the technical CD, text data, network media, etc., often have different standards. A lot of friends telephone inquiries, is there a more standard allocation of material model? It should be said that all formulas that have been practiced are feasible formulas. In general, formulas should be selected based on the resource advantages of the location.
Now according to the general standards of Linquan County, cows dung straw is used as the main raw material to formulate the following materials for every 100 square meters, for your reference:
3000 kg of cow dung, 5000 kg of straw, 200 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 150 kg of gypsum powder, 10 kg of urea, 150 kg of lime, 200 kg of cake fat.
Some information mentions special fertilizer for Agaricus bisporus. We have never used Linquan County and have not promoted any special fertilizer. We make a statement here.

2, composting fermentation. Composting time is generally appropriate in early August. 1 Pre-stacking: The straw is first fully wetted with clean water and piled into a large heap of 2-2.5 meters wide, 1.3-1.5 meters high and of unlimited length, pre-stacked for 2-3 days. At the same time, cow horse dung was crushed, and was piled up after adding water and humidity. 2 Build a heap: First, lay a 15-20 cm thick straw on the stockyard. The width is 1.8-2 meters and the length is not limited. Then sprinkle with a layer of 3-4 cm thick cow horse dung, and then sprinkle phosphorus fertilizer and urea according to the proportion, and then pile up 1.3-1.5 meters. Add appropriate amount of water from the second floor, and each layer of straw should be practical after being laid. 3 Turning: Turning should generally be performed 4 times. The first turnover was carried out 6-7 days after the construction of the heap, with the addition of gypsum powder and lime powder. After that, it will be turned every 5-6 days, 4-5 days, and 3-4 days. Each turn should pay attention to up and down, inside and outside the swap position, after the stack up to cover the straw or plastic film, to prevent the stack directly sun, rain.

3, fermentation standards. The whole process of composting takes about 25 days. The following standards should be met: The moisture content of the culture material should be controlled between 65% and 70% (water droplets leaching out of the hand-studded rice straw without falling), the appearance is dark brown, there is no odor of ammonia and odor, and the turf is mixed uniformly, loose and finely divided. No agglomeration.

Third, into the shed sowing

First, lay a layer of 3cm thick fresh wheat straw in the shed mushroom bed, and spread the well-fermented culture material evenly onto the mushroom bed. The material thickness is 15-20 cm. Then per cubic meter of space with 10 grams of potassium permanganate plus 20 ml of formaldehyde fumigation, 24 hours after opening doors and windows difficult ventilation. When the feed temperature drops below 28C, it can be sown with 500 ml bottles of bacteria. Spread the strains evenly on the surface of the material and gently compact them to make the strains sink into the material to about 2 cm.

Fourth, after the cover soil

Within 3 days after sowing, the doors and windows should be properly closed and the air humidity should be maintained at about 80% to encourage germination. Note that the temperature in the booth must not exceed 30C, otherwise it should be properly ventilated and cooled at night. About 15 days after sowing, the soil is covered when the hyphae is substantially covered with the material layer. Earth-covering method: Choose a soil with good water absorption, with agglomerate structure, many pores, non-stick wet, and non-dispersive soil, and about 2.5 cubic meters of soil per 100 square meters of mushroom bed. First mix 1.5%-2% lime powder, and then use 5% formaldehyde solution to infiltrate the soil, and then stick it to the hands to make it sticky, grab it into a mass, and spread it to cover it when it is scattered. The thickness of the cover soil is 2.5-3.5 cm.

Fifth, after the cover of the management

Adjust the moisture after covering the soil to keep the soil moisture content at about 20%. The soil moisture after the cover soil should be maintained at 80%-90%, temperature 13-20C (optimum temperature 15-18C). The water in the soil layer should be sprayed in a timely manner. Strict control of temperature and humidity is the key to the high quality and high yield of Agaricus bisporus.

Six, timely harvest

When the mushroom grows to 2-4 cm in diameter, it should be timely harvested. If the harvesting is too late, the quality will be deteriorated and the growth of the next batch of mushroom will be inhibited. When picking, pinch the mushroom lid with your finger, gently rotate and pick it up, cut with a knife to remove the root of the mud, and pay attention to the formation of the cut. After harvesting, fill in the holes at the cavity and fill in the ground. Spray 1% glucose, 200 times the yield of the sunflower king or green wind 95 to promote the growth of the mushroom and increase the yield and quality.

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