1, the temperature is low. The optimum growth period of soybean is 15-25°C. The optimum temperature for flower bud differentiation is about 20°C. After the flower bud differentiation, the temperature is lower than 15°C, the growth and development are hindered, which affects the fertilization and the seedlings are strong; the suitable temperature for flowering is 24°C. -29 °C, night temperature 18-24 °C, of ​​which the night temperature affect most, such as the night temperature is lower than 15 °C, even if the high temperature can not bloom. Since spring temperatures are prone to sudden changes, protective work should be done in the spring. If the temperature of flower buds and flower buds is affected by the low temperature during flower bud stage and flowering stage, there will be less pods and less grains in the pods.
2, malnutrition. Rhizobium legumes can fix nitrogen in the air to supply its own nutrients and increase the amount of nitrogen in the soil. The initial flowering period is the period when the peak of nitrogen uptake of edamame is started. Early-maturing soybeans planted at low temperature in early spring are difficult to reproduce due to low temperature, resulting in deficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, and it is easy to cause poor growth of early-maturing soybeans and serious loss of calyx. The growth of green soybean also requires a large amount of phosphate fertilizer, and the application of phosphate fertilizer has a significant effect on the yield increase of soybeans. If there is a lack of phosphorus in the branching stage, the number of nodes and branches will be reduced; the phosphorus deficiency at the flowering stage, the number of nodes and flowers will be reduced, and the calyx off phenomenon will be serious. In addition, the number of phosphorus-deficient soybean root nodules also decreased, the rhizobia's ability to move was reduced, and nitrogen fixation was less.
3. The soil is dry. The period of flowering and sprouting is the period when the green soybean grows most vigorously and needs the most water. It is required that the soil water content be kept at 60-70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. If the soil is dry at this time, the absorption of carbon dioxide by the plants will be hindered and the impact will be affected. Photosynthesis is normal. When the early flowering period is affected by drought, the vegetative growth is affected, the number of flowering and pods is reduced, and the flower buds are also shed; the pods are affected by drought during the grain filling period, the transport of nutrients is blocked, and the ovules are not able to develop the necessary nutrition. It will cause the cubs to fall off and get rid of pods and pods.
Second, preventive measures
1, protected cultivation. Early-maturing soybeans can be planted with double-membrane protection measures such as greenhouses and small arch shelters. Soil temperature is stable at temperatures above 12°C from mid-February to early March. During the whole growing period of early-maturing soybeans, according to the temperature required for each growth stage, the membrane was removed and ventilated in time.
Proper and close planting plays an important role in increasing the number of knots, promoting grain filling and increasing yield. Generally every acre should ensure that the basic seedlings are about 20,000, and the spacing of the plants is 22 cm and 22 cm.
2, increase fertilizer material. Mainly based on basal fertilizer supplemented with top dressing. The amount of basal fertilization depends on the fertility of the soil. Generally, 1,000-1,500 kg of comminuted compost per mu, 30 kg of high-quality compound fertilizer, and 100-150 kg of plant ash are used. Visible growth during the growth period and top dressing. During the seedling stage, 10% of the decomposing human fecal urine can be applied, and before the flowering, the growth is unfavorable, and then 10-20% of the decomposed human fecal urine can be topdressed, and 0.3-0.5% of urea can also be topdressed. Spray 0.02-0.05% ammonium molybdate solution at the early flowering stage and apply 25 kg per acre.
3, reasonable irrigation. In the event of drought, we must use the principle of "diligence in irrigation and irrigation," and we should generally apply water 2-3 times.
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