Ayu culture requires clean water, no pollution, and low water temperature. Some aquaculture, such as mountain lakes, rivers, reservoirs, and foothill streams with lean water, low basic productivity, can be used for aquaculture. Under artificial conditions, young fragrant fish (5-6 cm) are fed for 5-7 months and generally weigh more than 100 grams. In the past few years, the market price of sweetfish has been very high, and the production of aquaculture has gradually evolved. Among them, the largest aquaculture in Zhejiang and Fujian has also been attempted in some places in Guangdong and Guangxi. Farming methods include the use of breeding grounds for cement ponds, aquaculture, and aquaculture. The aquaculture cycle is short, the market price is high, and the aroma fish consumption market in Japan is very large. As a kind of green and non-polluting food, the aroma fish is gradually formed in the domestic consumer market, which is quite promising for breeding.
First, the artificial breeding technology of sweetfish
The techniques described below are based on the scale of production of 1000-1500 tails per cubic meter of water (5-6 cm in length).
(I) Major facilities
1. The nursery room should be oriented east and west. Glass fiber reinforced plastic tiles should be used in the nursery room shed. Light intensity should be adjusted with black shading to control the light intensity below 5000 lux. Nursery room windows should be wide and tall, which is conducive to ventilation and lighting.
2, broodstock pond pool structure, round or rectangular, an area of ​​30-50 m 2, the pool depth of 1-1.5 meters, the drainage hole in the middle of the pool, the water level controlled by the valve, need to cultivate the pool 2-3.
3, nursery pond cement pool structure, octagonal, round or rectangular, an area of ​​25-45 meters 2, the pool depth of 1-1.5 meters.
4. The bait cultivation pond The algae and rotifer culture ponds are rectangular or square, with an area of ​​10 to 30 m2 and a depth of 1 meter. The area accounts for 20% to 30% of the nursery ponds. The same reason equipped with Artemia hatching tank or hatching tank, the hatching pool is a square cement pool, an area of ​​5 to 10 meters 2 and a depth of 1.2 to 1.5 meters.
5, the water supply system water supply system procedures for seawater → precipitation → filtration → disinfection → preheating → nursery pond. Groundwater or tap water for fresh water. If using tap water, pay attention to the content of bleaching powder in water. When it exceeds 0.04% g/m3, the survival rate of larvae will be affected.
6, inflatable facilities broodstock breeding pool, nursery ponds, brine shrimp hatching pool must have inflatable equipment. Two types of RGA 5.5-3000 Roots blowers are used, and the main and branch pipelines are used for air supply. No. 80 bulk gas stones are installed at the end of the branch pipes, and a diatomite stone is placed every 1-2 m 2 in the nursery pond. Every 3 to 1 meters 3 years to put aerated stone. Small inflators can be used in the early and late nursery stages to save costs.
7, heating and power supply facilities If the name boiler heating, generally 1000 meters 2 nursery water configuration 0.5 ton boiler. If electric heating is used, generally plastic single-phase heaters and electric heating rods are used for heating. Self-provided generator or diesel engine driven air supply equipment.
(B) Breeding fish
1. The broodstock source selection is disease-free, innocent, and healthy. Females have high fecundity, weighing more than 100 grams, and males weigh more than 50 grams of squid as broodstock. Females and males were reared in groups and the ratio of males to females was 1: (1-1.5).
2. Breeding density and number of broodstock The breeding density is 10-15 tails/meter2, 100 meters3. The rearing fish body needs 500 broodstock.
3, feeding and management of broodstock (1) feed feed for the Japanese production of sweet fish with food or domestic quail with food added 10% -20% pine needle powder and other cellulose made lump feed, feed the amount of fish weight 2%-3%.
(2) Water quality The water temperature of the broodstock pool should be controlled within 27°C. The water exchange volume is generally 20%-50%, and the exchanged water is better with well water and stream water, and the dissolved oxygen is above 4 mg/L.
4, disease prevention and control of broodstock common diseases are parasitic diseases, vibriosis, enteritis disease. If fish heads were found to have mistletoe, 0.2-0.5 g/m3 crystal trichlorfon was splashed; the algae in the pond were found to be bred and the water quality was high. 0.3 g/m3 copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate mixture were used. Spilled pool, occasionally use 0.4 g/m3 "Fish Ning" to prevent the occurrence of vibriosis and enteritis.
5, promote the broodstock in the egg collection period 2 months before, you can take "short-day treatment" so that the broodstock mature in advance. The method is: Covering the broodstock with a dark screen, shortening the sunshine time by 2 hours every 10 days, and the daily sunshine time by 8 hours. In order to feed the broodstock, it was removed at 6 am and re-covered at 2 pm. Remove the cover, it should be slowly removed, if quickly removed, the broodstock will be frightened and hit the wall.
(III) Artificial oxytocin and hatching
1, the choice of ostrich broodstock in early October, female broodstock choose abdominal swelling, soft, reddish reproductive hole, dig eggs to observe the egg diameter above 0.70 mm; males choose to have some semen in the abdomen as well.
2. The oxytocin inducing agent is human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) or luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LRH-A) and injected intraperitoneally. Females were injected at doses of HGC 10 IU/g body weight or LRH-A 1 mcg/g body weight, males halved. After 48 hours of injection, 80% of broodstock can be broiled.
3, artificial insemination using dry artificial insemination. Artificially squeeze the egg into the porcelain basin, and then squeeze the male semen into the male to female ratio of 1: (1-1.5), gently stir with feathers for 1-2 minutes, so that the eggs are fully mixed, and then fertilize the fertilized egg uniform The ground is attached to the clean brown tablets or special ovipositors leveled on the surface of the water, and the attached egg density is controlled at 10 to 15 grains/cm2. Avoid direct sun during artificial insemination.
4, artificial hatching
(1) Incubation containers and environmental conditions can be controlled in cement tanks and cages. The incubation temperature was 15-22°C, pH 7.0-8.2, salinity 0-9, dissolved oxygen 5 mg / liter.
(2) Incubation method Use small bamboo rods to string eggs together and float them in the hatching tank (or cage), or hang the brown eggs attached to the ropes attached to the wall of the hatching tank (or cage) to fully carry it out. Incubate, change water or hatch. Every 10 days, use 10 mg/elevated potassium manganate bath with egg brown tablets for 10-15 minutes to harm fish eggs or larvae with water-resistant mold.
(3) After escaping, the seawater of the ophthalmia was transferred to be fertilized and hatched. The film was gradually salted the day before the film was released, and was converted into seawater three days after the fish was released. The increase in seawater salinity was 6‰-8‰ per day.
Fourth, seed cultivation
1. Water for nursery and tools for disinfection Sterilization of nursery water is precipitated, sand-filtered seawater with salinity of 10‰-30‰. The nursery ponds should be disinfected with 100-200g/m3 bleach for one day before use, and then be disinfected with 50-100g/m3 potassium permanganate for half an hour. After the disinfection, the pool should be rinsed and the nursery tools should be disinfected. .
2, culture density of 25,000/m3 or so, larvae grow to 1.5-2.0 cm, conditional segregation, density 0.5 million -1 million / m3.
3. Seedling management (1) Water temperature and light control The cultivation water temperature is controlled between 15°C and 25°C. In November, it is controlled above 14°C. The larvae were initially controlled at 2000 to 3000 lux, avoiding direct light, and larvae 50 to 120 days after hatching were most sensitive to light. When juveniles weigh more than 1 gram, they can develop normally under direct light.
(2) Sewage and water changing The fry start to suck up 10 days after the opening of the fry, and every 2 to 3 days, once every day, and once every 30 days. In the early stage of nursery, water is mainly added, and the fish is changed from the first 10 days after the film is released, and 1 to 2 times of 1/2 times each day. Water change time 7:00, 8:00.
4. Feeding of bait (1) The rotifers are fed within 80 days after hatching. Generally, the rotifers are fed after the water is changed. The amount of feed is 400 to 500/head per day, and 2-3 shots per day. Before the rotifers were fed, they were intensively cultured with chlorella for 24 hours.
(2) The egg yolks were fed within 50 days after hatching, and were fed at the rate of 300,000 tails fed with one egg yolk, and were cast 2-4 times daily.
(3) Artemia nauplii began to feed 15 to 20 days after the opening of the nauplii, fed 3 times a day, and maintained 6 8/litre litters in the water. Before the feeding, it is necessary to strengthen the nutrition with marine fish oil for 24 hours.
(4) The leeches are fed 100-300 days after hatching once a day.
(5) The start of feeding of compound feed after 7-14 days after hatching. The fed amount was 3% to 6% of the fish's body weight and was fed 2 to 4 times daily.
5. Inflation control The initial stage of fry culture, the water surface is micro-group-like, with the growth and development of fry, timely adjustment of the amount of inflation, similar to boiling.
6, drug control fry 1 day before the film with 0.25-0.5 g / m 3 oxytetracycline spilled once, after the film with 0.25-0.5 g / m 3 oxytetracycline disease prevention.
7. When freshwater domesticated juveniles grow to an average length of 0.5 grams or more, they begin to acclimate. Gradually, the initial weight will decrease to 1.010 in the first week, and then gradually decrease to 1.002 within a week.
8, out of the pool as long as 4.5-6 cm can be out of the pool. One week before leaving the pond, fish fry nets must be trained. Stop food 12 hours before leaving the pool.
Fifth, the aquaculture artificial breeding technology This technology is based on the 1000 m3 water body, stocking density of 50-100 tail / m3, breeding scale of 5-10 tons of annual production, the operation method is as follows:
1. The place where the transportation site is convenient for transportation, the power supply is sufficient, and there is no risk of flooding in the flood season, the water quality requirements meet the fishery water quality standard GB11607-89. The water temperature is preferably in the range of 15-25°C.
2. Aquaculture facilities (1) The aquaculture pond is preferably round or octagonal. The size of the pond is preferably 50-150m2, and the depth is 1-1.5m.
(2) Intake and Drainage System Well water or stream water is pumped to the high level reservoir. The water in the reservoir enters the aquaculture pond due to the water level difference and the water inlet is controlled by the valve. The outlet is in the center of the culture pond.
(3) Facilities As the ayu comes to the autumn breeding season, the gonadal develops and the marital color appears, and the commodity value will be reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to use lighting facilities to suppress gonadal development and extend the feeding time. Generally, fluorescent lamps and mercury lamps are used. At the same time, each pool is equipped with a 0.5-1 kilowatt aerator (waterwheel type) and equipped with corresponding power facilities such as generators and pumps.
3, before the preparation of fish species under the pool before the fish species under the pool, the breeding pool, intake and drainage systems, etc. should be thoroughly disinfected.
4. Sources and specifications of fingerlings Fingerlings can be cultivated or naturally harvested. The stocking species specifications require 4.5-6 cm or more. Fish species should be selected from disease-free, non-injured, healthy, lively, and high quality fish species.
5. The stocking time of fish species is generally spring, and the water temperature requires more than 14°C. The density of the fish species at the beginning of stocking is 200-300 tails/m3. With the growth of the ayu, the fish are gradually divided into groups. The density of the rearing stage is 50-100 tails/m3.
6. Feeding and management (1) After the bait is fed and released, the bait is fed domestically and fed 5-6 times a day to start baiting in the whole pond, but the amount is not much, the fish can be eaten, and then the feeding area is gradually reduced. The fish tempted to ingest food near the intake, and succeeded in domestication after a few days, fixing the feed field near the intake. After the fish weighed 5 grams, they will each cast one time sooner or later. The feeding amount is 5% -10% of the fish body weight. The bait is an artificial compound feed. The main ingredients are: animal feed 50% (fish meal), cereals 23% (wheat flour), and plant feed 8% (soybean oil ) Rice flour accounts for 5%, and other wheat germ and feed yeast account for 6%.
(2) Change the water and clean the water daily 1-2 times. Each change of 30% -50%, conditions can be flow culture (can raise the breeding density). It is usually cleaned when changing water.
(3) Oxygenation 1-2 times per day. Normally oxygen is added once a day for 2 hours. It depends on the weather in the afternoon. When the weather is hot, increase oxygen continuously.
7. Routine management and record Every 10 days, the body length of the fish is measured once, and 30-50 tails are measured at a time, and the average body length is calculated to grasp the growth of the fish. Daily observation of fish growth, feeding conditions, etc., make daily management records.
8, adult fish from catching seedlings after 5-7 months of feeding, weighing 80-120 grams, you can catch. After catching water, it is divided into bins by size, frozen or otherwise processed.
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