Plastic casing cultivation is an innovative method that enhances root development and simplifies harvesting. This technique involves using plastic tubes or sleeves to guide the growth of tubers, making it easier to manage and harvest crops like yams. Below is a detailed explanation of the process.
First, **plastic casing cultivation technology**:
1. **Preparing the Plastic Sleeves**:
Use a hard plastic tube with an inner diameter of 6–7 cm. Cut each section to be 80–100 cm long and make longitudinal slits along the length, about 0.5 cm wide. One end of the tube should be chamfered 20 cm from the edge, creating a semi-circular opening. On the other end, drill six evenly spaced holes (1 cm in diameter, 3 cm apart) across four rows. These holes allow for proper drainage and air circulation. The sleeves can be used for 6–8 years before replacement is needed.
2. **Digging Trenches and Installing Casing**:
Dig a trench 40–50 cm deep (or up to 100 cm in conventional methods). Insert the plastic casing into the trench at 30 cm intervals, ensuring the slits face upward. Backfill 10–15 cm of soil, then arrange the casing at a 60-degree angle, keeping the open end facing up. Layer raw and cooked soil on top, following standard planting techniques. After leveling the ground, the top of the sleeve should be about 10 cm below the surface. Mark both ends of the sleeve for easy identification during sowing. To save labor, you can use a steel rod or wooden stick to punch diagonal holes in pre-tilled land, shake the hole to expand it, and insert the plastic tube at an angle. Before planting, apply a soil conditioner at 200 grams per acre mixed with 100 kg of water to loosen the soil up to 50–100 cm deep, promoting better root growth.
3. **Sowing**:
Sow seeds by digging a small furrow along the marked line, 8–10 cm deep. Place the seed potato horizontally above the slit of the plastic casing. Water the area thoroughly and cover the soil once the water has been absorbed.
4. **Field Management**:
The field management follows standard practices, including weeding, watering, and pest control.
5. **Harvesting**:
At harvest time, remove the vines and dig carefully from one side of the trench until the plastic casing is fully exposed. Pull out the entire structure along with the tubers. Alternatively, you can extract just the casing and gently pull out the tubers.
**Second, Plug-in Cultivation Method**:
This method eliminates the need for extensive trenching. A few days before planting, prepare the soil by plowing and applying a soil conditioner. Use a steel rod or wooden stake to create vertical holes 120 cm long and 3–5 cm in diameter, spaced appropriately. Fill the bottom half of each hole with partially decomposed corn stalks as organic fertilizer. Place the seed potato above the hole. The gaps between the holes provide space for tuber growth, while the decomposed stalks enrich the soil. Other management practices remain the same as conventional farming.
**Third, Plastic Coil Tube Cultivation Technology**:
This system uses a flexible plastic sheet, approximately 1 mm thick, formed into a 100 cm long cylinder with a 6 cm diameter. The middle part of the tube is 2 cm in diameter, and the top is cut into a rounded spoon shape, 20 cm long. Drill two rows of 1 cm-diameter holes, spaced 6 cm apart and staggered. Once formed, tie the tube with strong plastic ropes at 20 cm intervals. Bury the casing at a 20-degree angle, leaving 25 cm above the ground. After watering, plant the seed potato in a 5 cm deep hole directly above the center of the casing’s upper end. Cover the planting hole with soil. All other cultivation steps follow traditional methods.
**Fourth, Cement Operator Cultivation Method**:
This method requires trenching only in the first year. The cement operator is 80 cm long, 50 cm wide, and 5 cm thick, reinforced with 6 mm steel bars. The spacing between the "dice" is 6–8 cm, and the ribs are 5 cm wide. Dig trenches 40 cm wide and 100 cm deep, with step-like sides to accommodate the operators. Place the cement units 30 cm below the surface, cover them with 3 cm thick corn stalks and 7 cm of wheat straw, then fill with fertile soil. Plant the seed potatoes in the crevices. Field management remains the same. During harvest, dig from the side of the trench and cut the tubers from the cement operator. This system allows for three consecutive growing seasons before needing renewal. After three years, reapply soil, fertilize, and sow again.
By using these advanced cultivation techniques, farmers can improve efficiency, reduce labor, and achieve better yields. Each method offers unique advantages depending on available resources and crop type.
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