Soybeans, including both soybeans and black beans, contain three harmful substances: trypsin inhibitor, phytohemagglutinin, and urease. Trypsin inhibitor hinders the breakdown of proteins by inhibiting proteases, while phytohemagglutinin reduces red blood cells and lowers hemoglobin levels. Urease breaks down proteins and urea into ammonia, which can irritate the digestive tract. Fortunately, these toxins can be neutralized through heating, cooking, or frying, making the beans safe for consumption.
Raw peas from the bowl bean (also known as mung bean) contain trypsin inhibitor and fenugreekine. The former has similar effects to that found in soybeans, while fenugreekine may negatively affect the central nervous system. Both toxins are eliminated when the beans are heated, ensuring safety for livestock.
Vicia faba, commonly known as broad beans, also contains trypsin inhibitor and pyrimidine nucleosides. These harmful compounds can be removed by proper cooking, reducing their toxic impact on animals.
Rape cake, a byproduct of oil extraction from rapeseed, contains sulfur glucosides and high levels of tannins. These substances reduce feed palatability and can cause constipation in animals. Long-term feeding may lead to goiter, liver damage, and impaired growth. To detoxify, rape cake can be soaked in warm water, boiled, or roasted. Alternatively, it can be buried in soil pits, where 98.8% of toxins are removed after two months.
Cottonseed and cotton leaves contain free gossypol and cyclopropene fatty acids. Gossypol is toxic to nerves, blood vessels, and internal organs, causing gastroenteritis. Cyclopropene fatty acids can harm the reproductive systems of female animals. Cottonseed should be dried, crushed, and cooked for 1–2 hours to remove toxins. Before feeding cotton leaves, they should be washed and soaked in a 2–3% lime solution for 10 hours. Alternatively, ferrous sulfate can be used for detoxification.
Cassava contains cyanogenic glycosides, which release hydrogen cyanide when decomposed. This toxin can block oxygen uptake in cells, leading to suffocation. Cassava should be sliced, sun-dried, and ground into powder. Boiling for 3–4 hours without a lid helps eliminate the toxin.
Potato tubers, stems, and leaves contain solanine, a toxic compound. While mature tubers have low levels, germinated or green-skinned tubers become highly poisonous. It's crucial to remove the sprouts, green skin, and any purple areas before feeding. The remaining parts should be soaked in water and cooked thoroughly, with the cooking water discarded.
Bean curd residue, a byproduct of tofu production, is rich in nutrients but must not be fed directly. It contains anti-nutrients that hinder digestion. Heating for 15 minutes helps destroy these substances, improving palatability and protein absorption. It should be mixed with other feeds, not exceeding one-third of the total diet. Mineral and vitamin supplements, such as green or succulent feed, should also be included.
Ramie, including its stems, leaves, and seeds, contains ricinine, a toxic compound. It can cause blood coagulation and cell lysis. Castor cake should be boiled at 100°C for 2 hours or soaked in a 10% salt solution for 6–10 hours. The liquid should be discarded before feeding. Leaves and stems should also be heated, and the amount should be limited to avoid toxicity.
Sorghum contains tannins, which interfere with amino acid absorption, while pumpkin contains urease, which produces ammonia in the gut, causing irritation. Both should be cooked, rinsed with fresh water, and mixed with other feeds to reduce their negative effects.
Aquatic plants like peanuts, water hyacinths, water lettuce, and water chestnuts often carry parasites and eggs. Feeding them raw can lead to diseases such as coccidiosis, hookworm, and filariasis. Proper heat treatment converts harmful substances into beneficial nutrients, promoting healthy growth in livestock and poultry.
Torch Shaped Wafer Ice Cream Cone
Torch Shaped Wafer Ice Cream Cone,Wafer Products In The Shape Of Torch,Wafer Cone Filled With Soft Ice,Flat Mouth Conical Wafer Products
Tianjin Yongkang Food Co., Ltd , https://www.yongkangfood.com