Jujube seedlings breeding method

The jujube tree is a significant fruit tree in China, known for its well-developed root system. Some of the roots near the surface can naturally produce strong seedlings. Using these root seedlings to grow new branches is a simple and efficient method, making it a key technique in jujube cultivation. The process of propagating jujube through root seedlings typically involves two main stages. First, root cutting and seedling promotion. Although jujube trees can naturally produce root seedlings, the number is usually limited. To encourage more growth, a common practice is to cut the roots. In spring, when the ground temperature rises and root activity increases, dig a trench on one side of the tree's root zone. The trench should be about 50 cm deep and 30 cm wide, parallel to the tree’s base, and only small roots (less than 1.5 cm in diameter) should be cut. Larger roots are left intact to maintain the tree’s vitality. After cutting, the small roots quickly sprout buds that grow upward, forming new seedlings. When the seedlings reach around 30 cm in height, they are carefully transplanted into soil, burying them up to one-quarter of their length. This encourages new shoots to form at the base. Regular watering and fertilization help accelerate growth, and after a few months, the seedlings typically reach 60–100 cm in height. The size of the seedlings depends on the thickness of the original roots. Second, the nursery return process. Root seedlings are often too small or have underdeveloped roots, which can lead to lower survival rates and uneven growth. To address this, the seedlings are collected and planted in a nursery for further development. They are sorted by size and replanted, allowing them to grow stronger with better root systems and uniform height, which improves overall quality and survival rate. Selecting the right nursery site is crucial. The area should be flat, well-drained, and have fertile sandy soil. Before planting, the soil is deeply tilled, and proper irrigation and drainage channels are established. In dry areas, low beds are used, while high beds are suitable for rainy regions. When choosing seedlings, only healthy ones without pests like aphids or scale insects are selected. Ideal root seedlings have a diameter of 0.4–0.6 cm. After careful selection, the roots are trimmed, and any excessively long parts are removed. Each shoot is kept to about 35 cm, and the rest is cut back. Seedlings are then planted in trenches spaced 30 cm apart, with 3,000–4,000 plants per acre. Once planted, the seedlings are watered, firmed, and properly cared for. After germination, one strong shoot is retained, while others are removed. Regular weeding, fertilizing, and pest control ensure healthy growth. After one year in the nursery, when the seedlings reach about 1 meter tall and develop many new roots, they are ready to be transplanted to their final location.

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