Jujube seedlings breeding method

The jujube tree is a significant fruit tree in China, known for its strong and well-developed root system. Some of the roots near the surface can develop into vigorous seedlings, making it an efficient and low-effort method to propagate new branches. This technique, known as ramet propagation through root seedlings, is widely used in jujube cultivation. The process involves two main steps: stimulating root seedling growth and then transplanting them into a nursery for further development. First, cutting and promoting root seedlings. Although jujube trees naturally produce root seedlings, the number is often limited. To encourage more growth, a method called "root cutting" is employed. In spring, when the soil temperature rises and root activity begins, a trench is dug on one side of the tree’s root zone. The trench should be about 50 cm deep and 30 cm wide, parallel to the tree’s base. Only small roots (less than 1.5 cm in diameter) are cut, while larger roots are left intact to preserve the tree's vitality. After the cut, small roots quickly sprout new buds that grow upward, forming new seedlings. When these seedlings reach about 30 cm in height, they are carefully transplanted. The planting depth should be around one-quarter of the seedling’s height to stimulate new growth from the base. Soil is added, and regular watering and fertilizing help accelerate their development. Typically, the seedlings grow to 60–100 cm tall, with their size depending on the thickness of the original roots. Second, returning the seedlings to the nursery. Root seedlings are often irregular in size and may have weak root systems, leading to lower survival rates and uneven growth. To improve quality, they are collected and planted in a nursery. Seedlings are sorted by size and replanted, allowing them to grow stronger and more uniform. After one year in the nursery, the seedlings are robust, with well-developed roots and better survival rates. Nursery selection and site preparation are crucial. Choose flat, well-drained land with fertile sandy soil. Before planting, apply base fertilizer and till the soil deeply. Irrigation and drainage channels should be maintained based on the water source. Low-lying areas use low beds, while high-rainfall regions benefit from raised beds. Selecting high-quality seedlings is essential. Only healthy root seedlings without pests or diseases should be chosen. Ideal seedlings have a diameter of 0.4–0.6 cm. After selection, trim long shoots and roots, leaving each shoot with a 35 cm tip. Then, plant them in trenches spaced 60–70 cm apart, with 30–40 cm between plants. Planting about 3,000–4,000 per acre ensures adequate space for growth, as jujube trees spread widely and can become crowded if over-planted. Once planted, the seedlings are topped at 2–3 cm above ground level. When new shoots emerge, only the strongest one is kept, while others are removed. Regular care includes weeding, fertilizing, and pest control. After one year in the nursery, when the seedlings reach about 1 meter in height and develop many new roots, they are ready to be transplanted into the field.

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