Four technical problems to be solved in farming blackfish

The blackfish, also known as the *Mastacembelus* species, features a streamlined, cylindrical body that can grow up to 60 cm in length. It has a long head, a flattened front, and a distinctive black body with a gray underbelly. The sides of its body are marked with irregular dark spots. Its dorsal and anal fins are elongated and soft, without spines, while its pelvic fins are small and its caudal fin is rounded. This species typically inhabits rivers, lakes, and aquatic grasslands, and it particularly favors flooded silt areas where it can find shelter and food. In recent years, blackfish have gained popularity in the market, leading to an increase in pond farming. With the decline in trout farming, many fish farmers have turned to blackfish breeding, which offers significant economic returns. To successfully raise blackfish, farmers must address four key challenges: First, when selecting ponds for blackfish farming, the size should not be too large. A typical pond area ranges from 3 to 5 mu (approximately 2,000–3,300 square meters), with a water depth of 1.5 to 2.0 meters and a bottom mud layer of 15–20 cm. The water source must be abundant and easy to manage for regular water exchanges. Second, the size of the fingerlings should match market demand. Currently, blackfish weighing between 0.7 to 2.0 kg are highly sought after. Therefore, fingerlings should be stocked at around 75–100 grams per fish. Stocking density depends on factors like feed availability and farming techniques. A common stocking rate is 2,000 to 2,500 fish per mu. Additionally, farmers may cultivate 400 to 500 other fish species, such as carp or tilapia, at 100–150 grams each, to optimize pond productivity. Third, blackfish are aggressive carnivores that eat both live and dead prey, primarily feeding on small eels and wild fish. When raised in captivity, they need to be trained to accept artificial feed. Feeding should occur twice daily—at 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. After about 5–7 days, the fish will learn to gather near the feeding station. During feeding, it's important to monitor their behavior. If few fish are present and the food isn't being aggressively consumed, it indicates they are full and feeding should stop. Fourth, blackfish consume large amounts of food and produce a lot of waste, which can quickly enrich the pond water. This can lead to algal blooms and oxygen depletion. Farmers must closely monitor dissolved oxygen levels and use aerators when necessary. In severe cases of hypoxia, partial water replacement or the application of a safe amount of dipterex (at 0.5–1.0 ppm) can help restore oxygen balance. Although blackfish are generally resistant to disease, poor management, insufficient food, or bad water quality in late autumn can lead to illness. Regular monitoring and prompt treatment are essential during this period.

Greenhouse Drip Irrigation System

Fertigation is using your irrigator to fertilise the plants and soils as you water, which is the most efficient and advanced practice of fertilization. Aid of pressure system (or natural divide terrain), the soluble solid or liquid fertilizer, according to the soil nutrient content and crop fertilizer regularity and characteristics of species, with the fat of with irrigation water, through a controlled water supply pipeline system, supplying, the compatibility, water through the pipe and drop head form drip irrigation, uniform, regular, quantitative, infiltration area crop root growth and development, make the main root soil always stay loose and appropriate moisture content, at the same time according to different crop fertilizer characteristics, environment and soil nutrient content in soil; Crops in different growth phase water requirement, the different development stages of the fertilizer rule is the demand of design, the water and nutrient timing quantitative, provided directly in proportion to the crops.

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