At present, the main symptom of the disease that affects mushrooms is the appearance of spots on the caps. This condition is commonly associated with cockroach-related infections. To effectively prevent this issue, it's essential to understand the causes and implement proper control measures.
One of the most common diseases is black spot, which is caused by *Pseudomonas* bacteria. Infected mushrooms develop oval, brown or dark brown spots on their caps. These spots start as small, needle-like lesions and can grow up to 2–4 mm in diameter. They have clear edges and may sometimes cause cracks on the cap surface. To manage this disease, maintaining the right temperature and humidity levels is crucial. When watering the mushroom house, avoid directly spraying water onto the fruit bodies, especially cold water. The humidity inside should not remain above 90% for extended periods. Adjust your watering schedule based on weather conditions—water lightly and frequently on sunny days, and reduce or stop watering during rainy periods. After each watering, ensure proper ventilation before re-covering the plastic film. Keep the temperature below 17°C during the fruiting stage. If the disease occurs, remove the affected mushrooms immediately and spray them with 100–200 units of streptomycin or a 600-fold dilution of bleaching powder per milliliter.
Another common issue is rust spot disease, also caused by *Pseudomonas* species. It primarily affects the caps, starting as small, needle-like spots that later expand into sesame-sized lesions. Although the edges are irregular, these lesions can merge into large, irregular rust-colored patches. To prevent rust spot, avoid direct spraying on the fruit bodies and ensure good ventilation after each watering. The indoor humidity should not exceed 95% for long periods. When the bacterial bags are covered with plastic film, make sure the fruit bodies are dry before handling. In the early stages of infection, prevent the spread of germs by spraying a 50% carbendazim solution diluted 800 times or applying 100–200 units of agricultural streptomycin per milliliter.
In addition to these measures, regular monitoring of the mushroom environment is important. Keeping the growing area clean and free from debris can significantly reduce the risk of disease outbreaks. Proper sanitation practices, such as disinfecting tools and equipment, also play a key role in preventing contamination. By combining good environmental management with timely intervention, growers can effectively reduce the impact of these diseases on their mushroom crops.
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