1.1 Variety
Zhanbai selects the Zhejing No. 2 variety, a medium-maturing type known for its high yield and superior quality, which is well-suited for local cultivation. Introduced in 1995 from Zhejiang University, this variety has been extensively cultivated and improved by agricultural technology departments over the years. It has now become the dominant variety in Yuyao City. The plant typically reaches a height of about 2 meters, with leaves measuring 3.5 to 4.5 cm in width. It exhibits strong growth, good disease resistance, and a unique braid-like shape. The white stalks are approximately 17 cm long, 4 cm in diameter, and weigh around 90 grams. The stalks are smooth, with thin skin, tender texture, high yield, and excellent marketability, making them popular among farmers and consumers alike.
1.2 Field Selection
The cultivation of white barley should take place in low-lying areas with loose soil, high organic matter content, deep tillage layers, and convenient irrigation and drainage systems. The water quality must be clean, free from industrial "three wastes" pollution, and not previously used for continuous planting of white barley.
1.3 Selecting Healthy Seedlings and Proper Planting Density
Each year, healthy seedlings must be carefully selected, ensuring they have uniform growth, high fertility, large pod development, minimal scabbing, no pests or diseases, and low tillering. The best time for planting is late March to early April, with one seedling per hole, spaced 30–40 cm apart, at a ratio of 1:10 between Putian and Honda. In early July, seedlings are inserted at 100–80 cm x 50 cm spacing, with two per hole, resulting in 22,500 plants per hectare. If the leaves are too long, the upper part should be trimmed to reduce nutrient consumption. For a 6-meter wide shed, 70 cm of space is left on each side, with six rows total.
1.4 Field Cleanup and Base Fertilization
After the autumn harvest, usually completed by mid-November, dead above-ground parts are cut and burned to reduce pest and pathogen populations over winter. Before scaffolding, 5–6 days prior, dry water is applied to the fields, and a 10% glyphosate solution (1 kg in 40 kg water) is sprayed. A shallow water layer is maintained for 2–3 days before scaffolding. Organic fertilizer (Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences' Shijingbai, containing 25% organic matter, 7% N, 5% P₂O₅, 8% K₂O) is applied at 120–150 kg per 667 m², or 50 kg of Russian compound fertilizer (15% N, P, K each).
1.5 Scaffolding and Insulation Management
Scaffolding and film covering are carried out just before or after the winter solstice to protect against frost. Bamboo sheds, 6 meters wide and 1.8–2.0 meters high, are commonly used. The film is 0.08 mm thick, 8 meters wide, and multi-functional. During the growing season, the greenhouse remains sealed for insulation. As temperatures rise in spring, it is necessary to ventilate at night and monitor daily. Two ventilation sessions are usually required when weather is mild. When temperatures exceed 32°C, side walls and ends are opened for ventilation. During rainy periods, increased ventilation helps prevent disease and promotes growth. Film removal is done before and after major events.
1.6 Seedling Thinning and Top Dressing
By late February to early March, as temperatures rise, plants grow rapidly. When the height reaches 30–40 cm, seedlings are planted within the shed, leaving about 200,000 strong seedlings per pier, achieving 30,000 effective seedlings per 667 m². Weeding can be combined with seedling removal to improve soil conditions. Root pressing can also be performed to promote tiller growth and enhance nutrition. Based on seedling color, timely application of compound fertilizer (25–30 kg per 667 m²) is recommended. By late March, the stalks begin to elongate. When 30% of the plants show signs of flowering, urea (5–6 kg per 667 m²) is applied to ensure adequate nutrients and support the development of thick, white stalks.
1.7 Nest Mud Protection and Timely Harvest
By late March to early April, the plants begin to flower. At this stage, artificial nest mud protection is essential. The purpose of the nest mud is to block direct sunlight, increase soil temperature, encourage thick, white, crisp stalks, and improve marketability. The mud should be applied in small amounts, covering one axillary bud per stalk, and continuously added as the stalks grow. The height of the mud should be between 5 and 20 cm, not exceeding the plant's height. Since the plant is pre-flowering, the mud should be harvested from the sides to promote individual growth. When the loquat reaches the heart and leaves contract, the lateral lobes shrink while the central lobe expands, revealing the chest slightly.
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