1.1 Variety
Zhanbai selects the Zhejing No. 2 variety, a medium-maturing type known for its high yield and quality, which is well-suited for local cultivation. Introduced from Zhejiang University in 1995, this variety has been carefully cultivated and improved over the years by agricultural technology departments, becoming the main crop planted in Yuyao City. The plant reaches a height of about 2 meters, with leaves that are 3.5 to 4.5 cm wide. It has strong growth, good disease resistance, and produces a braid-like structure. The white stalks are approximately 17 cm long, 4 cm in diameter, and weigh around 90 grams each. The stalks are smooth, have thin skin, a delicate texture, and high yield, making them highly desirable in both farming and market sectors.
1.2 Field Selection
The fields chosen for growing white barley should be low-lying with loose soil, rich in organic matter, deep tillage layer, and convenient for irrigation and drainage. The water quality must be clean, free from industrial "three wastes" pollution, and not previously used for continuous planting of white barley.
1.3 Selecting Strong Seedlings and Proper Planting Density
Each year, farmers must carefully select healthy seedlings with uniform growth, high fertility, large pod development, low scab sites, no pests or diseases, and a low number of tillers. Seedlings are typically dug up at the end of March and early April, planted at intervals of 30–40 cm, with a ratio of 1:10 between Putian and Honda. By early July, seedlings are inserted again at a density of 100–80 cm × 50 cm, with two per hole. A total of 22,500 plants per hectare are recommended. If the leaves are too long, the upper parts should be trimmed to reduce nutrient consumption. In a 6-meter-wide shed, 70 cm of space is left on the film, with a total of six rows.
1.4 Field Cleaning and Base Fertilizer Application
After the autumn harvest, usually completed by mid-November, the dead above-ground parts of the stubble are cut and burned by mid-December to reduce the population of pests and pathogens overwintering. Before scaffolding, weedy areas are treated with a 10% glyphosate solution (1 kg per 40 kg of water) 5–6 days prior. Shallow water is retained for 2–3 days before scaffolding, and 120–150 kg of organic fertilizer (with 25% organic matter, 7% N, 5% P₂O₅, 8% K₂O) or 50 kg of compound fertilizer (15% each of N, P₂O₅, K₂O) is applied per 667 m².
1.5 Scaffolding and Temperature Management
At the end of December, just before or after the winter solstice, scaffolding and covering are carried out to protect against frost. The sheds are mainly made of bamboo, 6 meters wide and 1.8–2.0 meters high, with central pillars. A 0.08 mm thick, 8-meter-wide multi-functional non-drip film is used. During the year, the greenhouse is kept sealed for insulation. As temperatures rise in spring, it is necessary to ventilate during the day and keep it closed at night. When the temperature exceeds 32°C, side films and ends are opened for ventilation. In rainy weather, more air circulation is needed to prevent disease and promote growth. Film removal is done carefully before and after the clearing period.
1.6 Seedling Management and Top Dressing
By late February and early March, as temperatures rise, plants grow rapidly. When the height reaches 30–40 cm, seedlings are placed inside the shed, leaving about 200,000 strong seedlings per pier, resulting in roughly 30,000 effective seedlings per 667 m². Weeding can be done simultaneously to improve soil conditions. Farmers may also press the rhizosphere roots to encourage tillering and enhance nutrition. Based on seedling color, appropriate top dressing is applied, typically 25–30 kg of imported compound fertilizer per 667 m². By late March, when 30% of the plants show signs of flowering, foliar application of urea (5–6 kg per 667 m²) is done to ensure sufficient nutrients for the subsequent growth phase and promote white, plump stalks.
1.7 Nest Mud Protection and Timely Harvest
By late March and early April, the plants begin to flower. At this stage, artificial nest mud protection should be applied. The purpose of the nest mud is to block direct sunlight, increase soil temperature, and promote thick, white, and crisp stalks, thereby increasing marketability. The mud is applied in layers, with one strain per axillary bud, and continues to be added as the stalks grow. The height of the mud is generally 5–20 cm and should not exceed the level of the leaves. Since the plant is in a pre-flowering stage, it is important to remove the mud from the sides to promote individual growth. When the loquat develops to the heart and the leaves contract, the lateral lobes shrink while the middle lobe expands, revealing the chest slightly. This is the optimal time for harvesting.
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