Oranges are often treated with chemical pesticides to manage pests and diseases, but these methods can be expensive and prone to resistance. The author has gathered relevant information and personally developed and tested alternative, cost-effective techniques to help farmers control specific citrus pests and diseases more naturally. Below are the detailed methods for prevention and control.
1. **Plant Ash for Leaf Miner Control**
When new shoots reach about 3 cm in length during the tip growth stage, apply plant ash every 5–7 days until the shoots mature. A total of 5–6 applications are recommended, with reapplication after rain. Apply the ash in the early morning before dew dries, or after rain or irrigation. Sprinkle the ash directly onto the leaves of the new shoots. This method is ideal for greenhouse or open-field citrus nurseries, young orange trees, and potted ornamental oranges to manage leaf miners effectively.
2. **Lime Water for Canker Disease Control**
Use fresh slaked lime (1 part lime powder to 4 parts water) and filter it. Dilute the filtrate to a 5% concentration to treat citrus canker. Apply the solution 20 days before each shoot emerges, then every 10–15 days when the shoot reaches 5 cm and when fruits grow to 3 cm in diameter. After harvest, spray once during garden cleaning. Ensure even coverage over the entire tree to prevent disease and reduce damage to leaves, fruit, and branches. Spraying 5% lime water during the early fruit stage also helps prevent sunburn and improves fruit quality.
3. **Water Washing for Red Spider Mites**
Mechanical washing using water is an effective way to control spider mites. Use a pump or sprayer to deliver water through a modified nozzle that creates pressure, allowing thorough washing of the canopy. This method reduces spider mite populations and removes scale insects, aphids, and dust, which improves photosynthesis and protects against sunburn. Avoid spraying during flowering; it's best used on new shoots and during fruit development from July to October. Ensure the water is clean and free from contamination.
4. **Gasoline Injection for Beetle Larvae**
To eliminate larvae inside burrows, first remove them using a wire. Then inject 70# or 90# gasoline into the holes with a medical syringe. Seal the hole tightly with yellow mud to prevent evaporation and ensure the gasoline works effectively. Dosages vary: 2 ml for first instar larvae, 4 ml for second, and 6 ml for mature larvae. This technique is particularly effective for controlling root borers.
5. **Tobacco Bone Urine Solution for Aphids and Warts**
Soak 0.5 kg of tobacco stems, leaves, and veins (without cigarette remnants) in 2.5 kg of human urine for 8 days, then filter and dilute with 25 kg of water. This solution can control citrus aphids and warts. Adding 0.1% detergent or 0.4% urea enhances the effectiveness. This natural method offers a safe and economical alternative to chemical sprays.
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